Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
petrologi-es 1
petrologi-es 2
I am a
Rocks GEOLOGIST
•Rocks are solid material I am a scientist who
made up of one or more studies rocks
minerals
Three Types of
https://slideplayer.com/slide/8484131/
Rocks
Igneous Rocks
•Form when melted rock cools and
hardens
•Minerals in the rocks form crystals The Rock Cycle
•Some igneous rocks formed by •Shows the process that can change
volcanoes rocks
•Obsidian, basalt, and granite are •A rock can change from one type of
types of igneous rocks rock to another
Sedimentary Rocks
•Form when sand, bits of rocks, soil,
and once living things are pressed
together and harden.
•These materials are called
sediments
•Sandstone and Limestone are types
of sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
•Rocks changed by heat and
pressure from below the Earth’s
surface. Weathering
Published byCory Paul
•Gniess is formed from granite (an The breaking down of rocks
petrologi-es igneous rock) that has undergone into smaller pieces called 3
heat and pressure. sediment
petrologi-es 4
APA ITU PETROLOGI ?
PETROLOGY
The study of the origin, occurrence, structure and history of
petrologi-es
rocks, much broader process/study than petrography 5
PETROGRAFI ? Studi batuan secara
lebih rinci (tekstur,
mineralogi) secara
mikroskopik
PETROGRAPHY
The description and systematic classification of
rocks, aided by the microscopic examination of
thin sections.
petrologi-es 6
PETROGENESIS ?
Petrogenesis, juga dikenal dengan kata lain petrogeni,
cabang petrologi yang mempelajari origin / mula jadi
batuan .
- mineralogi,kimiawi,data lapangan
PETROGENESIS
A branch of petrology dealing with the origin and formation of rocks.
Involves a combination of mineralogical, chemical and field data.
Petrologic, petrographic, and petrogenetic studies can be applied to
petrologi-es
igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rocks 7
Kegunaan
Studi petrologi / petrografi
Batuan beku ?
Akademik / Keilmuan
- petrogenesis
- evolusi magma -- genesis batuan
Aplikasi
- mineralisasi Alterasi /mineral sekunder, zonasi alterasi,
- geotermal Mineral bijih
-kepentingan keteknikan
struktur, tekstur, mineralogi ,kimiawi -
strength,durability,warna - bendung , fondasi
bangunan
petrologi-es 8
Batuan sedimen ?
Akademik / keilmuan
Diagenesis
Provenan
Lingkungan pengendapan
Aplikasi
Minyak dan gas bumi
Non konvensional : serpih gas
Coal bed methan
petrologi-es 9
Studi petrologi batuan metamorf
Manfaat ?
Akademik / keilmuan
Protolit
Proses,macam,kondisi P,T
Tatanan tektonik - geodinamika
Aplikasi
mineralisasi
Bahan bangunan : grafit, marmer
batu mulia : garnet, serpentin
petrologi-es 10
Macam – macam batuan
1. BATUAN BEKU
BATUAN PIROKLASTIK
2. BATUAN SEDIMEN
3. BATUAN METAMORF / BATUAN
MALIHAN
petrologi-es 11
• Batuan volkanik
Batuan • Batuan intrusi dangkal
Beku • Batuan plutonik
• B.Sedimen Silisiklastik
Batuan • B.Sedimen non-klastik (kimiawi)
Sedimen • B.Sedimen non-klastik (organik)
Batuan • Foliasi
Metamorf • Non-foliasi
petrologi-es 12
SIKLUS BATUAN
petrologi-es 13
BUMI
petrologi-es 14
petrologi-es 15
petrologi-es 16
BUMI
Terdiri dari beberapa lapisan padat dan cair :
- kerak bumi : 0 – 30 km/ lebih)
------------------------------------- bidang mohorovicic
- mantel : atas dan bawah : s.d. 2900 km
-------------------------------------- bidang Guttenberg
- inti bumi :
inti luar : 2900 – 5155 km
------------------------------------- bidang Lehmann
inti dalam : 5155 – 6371 km
Litosfer : 0 – 150 km
kerak bumi dan mantel
Astenosfer : 150 – 640 km
terdiri dari sebagian material mantel yang cair (melted
mantle materials)
Mesosfer : 640 km – dalam
zone plastis
petrologi-es 17
Batuan Beku
- Batuan piroklastik
Batuan Sedimen,
Batuan Metamorf
petrologi-es 18
BATUAN BEKU
• Terbentuk pada
Temperatur dan Tekanan
tinggi
• Sekitar 1000ᵒ C - 600ᵒ C
petrologi-es 20
BATUAN BEKU volkanik
Ekstrusiv
• ALIRAN LAVA
• Membeku
dipermukaan
• Ukuran butir halus -
Pahoe-hoe lava (Hawaii) amorf
petrologi-es 21
BENTUK INTRUSI
Konkordan :
- Sill
- Lakolit
- lopolit
Diskordan
- Dyke
- Batolit
- Stock
petrologi-es 22
SILL
Sejajar perlapisan
petrologi-es 23
LOPOLIT
Sejajar perlapisan
Cekung ke bawah
petrologi-es 24
LAKOLIT
Sejajar perlapisan
Cembung ke atas
petrologi-es 25
diskordan
petrologi-es 26
BATUAN BEKU volkanik
Intrusi dangkal
Lokasi Singkawang
(Noorcahyo,2016)
petrologi-es 27
BATUAN BEKU
Plutonik
BATOLIT
Lokasi : Singkawang,Kalbar
petrologi-es 28
BATUAN BEKU VOLKANIK
andesit
pumis
obsidian
basalt
petrologi-es 29
Batuan beku plutonik
granit sienit
gabro
pegmatit
diorit
petrologi-es 30
MIKROSKOPIK
petrologi-es 31
MAGMA ?
Larutan silikat pijar (> 1100⁰ C)
Terdiri dari fase padat
(kristal /batuan) dan fase gas
atau volatile/gelembung gas
petrologi-es 33
Pendinginan / pembekuan magma
Hasil :
kristal, non kristal (amorf)
2 1
• Ekuigranular
• inekuigranular
Granularitas • Ukuran butir :
(Granularity) • Kasar ; > 5mm
• Menengah : 1-5 mm
• Halus : < 1mm
NORMAN L. BOWEN
petrologi-es (Kanada) 37
Deret kontinu : kanan
sejarah kristalisasi mineral plagioklas
- menerus
- Anortit – Albit
petrologi-es 38
Berdasarkan Warna batuan
Warna gelap : mineral mafik > felsik
basalt, gabro, diabas
Pengamatan megaskopik
petrologi-es 39
Berdasarkan kimiawi (% silika / SiO2)
petrologi-es 40
Berdasarkan Mineralogi
(Strekeisen, 1978)
petrologi-es 41
petrologi-itsb 42
petrologi-itsb 43
Evolusi magma
Magma berdiferensiasi
Fraksionasi kristal
Liquid immiscibility
Flow differentiation
Magma mixing
Assimilasi
petrologi-es 44
Fraksionasi kristal
Gravity settling
petrologi-es 45
petrologi-es 46
Liquid Immiscibility
petrologi-itsb 47
petrologi-es 48
asimilasi
petrologi-es 49
petrologi-es 50
petrologi-es 51
Percampuran magma
petrologi-es 52
KLASIFIKASI BATUAN BEKU
petrologi-itsb 53
Berdasarkan Warna batuan
Warna gelap : mineral mafik > felsik
basalt, gabro, diabas
Pengamatan megaskopik
petrologi-itsb 54
Diagram fase
petrologi-es 55
TERMINOLOGI
petrologi-es 56
MACAM-MACAM :
Unary system : contoh sistem SiO2 ,H2O
Binary system
- dengan titik eutektik :
kuarsa – ortoklas / K-felspar
diopsid - anortit
- solid solution :
albit – anortit;
forsterit - fayalit
petrologi-es 57
SISTEM SATU KOMPONEN
H2O
petrologi-es
SiO2 58
SISTEM BINER DGN TITIK EUTEKTIK
Likuid A murni
Likuid B murni
Kristalisasi mulai
Pada T = 1485º C
Likuid (merah) : campuran A 80% + B 20% -- T kristalisasi lbh rendah (1360º C)
Likuid (biru) : A40% + B 60% -- T kristal -- 1320 º C
petrologi-es 59
petrologi-es 60
SOLID SOLUTION
petrologi-es 61
petrologi-es 62
BATUAN PIROKLASTIK
batuan terdiri dari hasil letusan gn.api
(piroklas)
Average Unconsolidated
Pyroclastic
Particle Material
Rock
Size (mm) (Tephra)
Agglomera
>64 Bombs or Blocks
te
Lapilli
2 - 64 Lapilli
Tuff
<2 Ash Ash Tuff
petrologi-es 63
bom lapili
glass shard
abu
petrologi-es 64
3 MACAM ENDAPAN PIROKLASTIK
petrologi-es 65
aliran
Endapan piroklastik
Merapi 2006
surge
jatuhan
Sinabung 2014
The Minoan Catastrophe: 1996
petrologi-es 66
Endapan piroklastik aliran Endapan piroklastik jatuhan
petrologi-es 68
tuf
pumis
petrologi-es
scoria 69