Titulo de la Sesión:

Envejecimiento: Mitos y
realidades

Docente:
Dr Teodoro Julio Oscanoa Espinoza
Envejecimiento: Mitos y
realidades
Mito 1:
“la vejez comienza a los 60 años”
Mito 1: “la vejez comienza a los 60 años”

 Envejecimiento burocratico: jubilación

 Tipos de edades:
Edad cronologica
Edad fisica
Edad psicologica
Edad social: laboral
Mito 1: “la vejez comienza a los 60 años”

 OMS> 65 años
 Edad cronológica vs edad biológica
 Marcadores biológicos: vasos
arteriales, acido aspartico esmalte
dental.
 Proceso dinamico y continuo: placas
ateromatosas in utero.
Conclusions
1 Over the past 10 years (1992–2002), the physical
activity of healthy elderly (over 65 years) has been
more youthful by approximately 7.5 years in men and
10 years in women.
2 Over the past 8 years (1992–2000), the functional
independence in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus
(over 65 years) has been more youthful by approximately
15 years.
3 Over the past 14 years (1986–2000), the cerebral
arteries have been more youthful by approximately
20 years in men and 10 years in women.
Based on comprehensive analysis of data from a survey
on public attitudes, surveys on elderly requiring
nursing care, longitudinal studies of functional independence
in the elderly and clinical and pathological
data, we would like to recommend that to realize a vigorous
aging society, we should change the definition of
elderly to those over 75 years of age instead of the current
65 years, and reform the social system to harmonize
with the coming aging society.
Mito 2:
“algunos grupos etnicos tienen
longevidad mayor”
Mito 2:
“algunos grupos etnicos tienen longevidad mayor”

Vilcabamba:
Ecuador
Caucaso: Georgia
(Republica Rusa)
Hunza: Pakistan
Vilcabamba: Ecuador
Mito 2:
“algunos grupos Longevity and age
etnicos tienen exaggeration in
longevidad mayor”
Vilcabamba, Ecuador.
Systematic age exaggeration was found
after age 70 in an Equadorian
population noted for extreme
longevity. Extreme ages (over 100
years) were either incorrect or
unsubstantiated. There was no
evidence of increased longevity in the
Vilcabamba population.
J · Mazess RB , Forman SH
Gerontol. 1979 Jan;34(1):94-8
Vilcabamba: Ecuador
Icaria (Grecia): “la isla donde la gente se olvidó de morir”.
¿Qué tienen en común las zonas azules?

•Las personas tienen una rica vida espiritual y

respeto por sus ancestros.
•Hacen actividad física frecuente.
•Están alejados de la tecnología y el estrés.
•Llevan la dieta mediterránea: toman vino tinto,
comen cereales, frutas, verduras y granos,
casi nada de carne, pero mucho aceite de
oliva y pescado.
•Al atardecer, se reúnen con amigos a charlar en
lugar de ver la TV.
•Toman siestas y viven con menos apuro.
Valladolid
Kastorini CM, et al The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome
and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals.
Knoops KT, eta al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly
European men and women: the HALE project. JAMA. 2004 Sep 22;292(12):1433-9.
 1. Dieta mediterránea
2. Ejercicios
3. No fumar

Knoops KT, eta al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-
year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE
Garatachea, Nuria, et al. "Elite athletes live longer than the general population: a meta-analysis." Mayo
Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 89. No. 9. Elsevier, 2014.
Garatachea, Nuria, et al. "Elite athletes live longer than the general population: a meta-analysis." Mayo
Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 89. No. 9. Elsevier, 2014.
Garatachea, Nuria, et al. "Elite athletes live longer than the general population: a meta-analysis." Mayo
Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 89. No. 9. Elsevier, 2014.
Schnohr, Peter, et al. "Dose of jogging and long-term mortality: the
Copenhagen City Heart Study." Journal of the American College of
Cardiology65.5 (2015): 411-419.
Schnohr, Peter, et al. "Dose of jogging and long-term mortality: the Copenhagen
City Heart Study." Journal of the American College of Cardiology65.5 (2015):
411-419.
Cheng, J. Y. W., et al. "Physical activity and erectile dysfunction: meta-analysis of population-
based studies." International journal of impotence research 19.3 (2007): 245-252.
Cheng, J. Y. W., et al. "Physical activity and erectile dysfunction: meta-analysis of population-
based studies." International journal of impotence research 19.3 (2007): 245-252.
Cheng, J. Y. W., et al. "Physical activity and erectile dysfunction: meta-analysis of population-
based studies." International journal of impotence research 19.3 (2007): 245-252.
Cheng, J. Y. W., et al. "Physical activity and erectile dysfunction: meta-analysis of population-
based studies." International journal of impotence research 19.3 (2007): 245-252.
Mito 2:
“algunos grupos etnicos tienen longevidad mayor”

El incremento de Espectativa de vida de determinadas poblaciones o paises

esta relacionado con alto desarrollo economico y tecnologico.
Un barrio del Reino Unido
(Escocia) que tiene la
misma esperanza de vida
que Etiopía: 54 años????
 Mito 3:
“Todos los adultos mayores se
asemejan”
Mito 3:
“Todos los adultos mayores se
asemejan”

 Jovenes-viejos (“young old”):65-74 años

 Viejos-viejos (“older old”): 75-85 años
 Viejos mas viejos (“oldest old”)> 85 años