BOWEL AND URINE

ELIMINATION

Part 1
Urine Elimination
KEY TERMS (Urine)

• Anuria
• Dysuria
• Enuresis
• Frequency
• Hesitancy
• Incontinence
• Nocturia
Anatomy of the Urinary
System
• Kidneys
• Bladder
• Ureters
• Urethra
• Act of micturition
Physiology of the
Urinary System
Function:

o KIDNEYS
o URETERS
o BLADDER
o URETHRA
o ACT OF MICTURITION
Factors Influencing
Urinary Elimination
• Developmental Considerations
• Food and Fluid
• Life Style
• Psychological Variables
• Activity and Muscle Tone
• Pathologic Conditions
• Medications
Assessment Data
(Urinary Elimination)
• Subjective data

• Objective data

• Diagnostic data
URINE SPECIMENS
(TYPES)
• ROUTINE URINALYSIS

• CLEAN CATCH MID-STREAM

• TIMED

• CATHETERIZED
BOWEL ELIMINATION

Key Terms
KEY TERMS (BOWEL
ELIMINATION)
• BOWEL MOVEMENT (BM)
• CONSTIPATION
• DIARRHEA
• ENEMA
• FECES
• FLATULENCE
BOWEL ELIMINATION
(key terms con’t)
• Flatus
• Impaction (fecal)
• Incontinence (fecal)
• Occult blood
• Peristalsis
• Stool
Factors influencing
bowel elimination (con’t)
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
OF BOWEL ELIMINATION
Anatomy
of bowel elimination
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• large intestine
Large Intestine:

• Function
• Innervation
• Peristalsis
• The normal urge
• Defecation
Factors Influence Bowel
Elimination
• Usual patterns
• Food/fluid intake
• Activity level/muscle tone
• Life-style
• Psychological variables
• Pathological conditions
• Medications
Factors influencing
bowel elimination (con’t)
• Diagnostic tests
• Surgery/anesthesia
• Irritants
• pain
Assessing bowel
elimination need:
• Subjective data

• Objective data

• Diagnostic studies

• Radiographic studies
CLIENT TEACHING NEEDS
R/T BOWEL ELIMINATION
• Use of cathartics, laxatives
• Perceived constipation
• Toilet training (rediness)
• Need for enemas
• Hygiene
• Ostomies (ostomy care)
• Bowel and bladder training
Nursing interventions to
relieve flatulence
• Diet
• Activity
• Rectal tube
Drugs affecting bowel
elimination;
• Absorbents
• Anticholinergics and opiates
• Antibiotics
• Antidiarrheals
Cathartics and
laxatives:
• Physiological action: