Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Implementing Research
Instruments
SOURCE:
BARROT, J.S. & SIPACIO, P.F. (2016). COMMUNICATION TODAY. ENGLISH
FOR ACADEMIC & PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL.
Research Instrument
Survey
A survey contains planned questions which are
used to measure attitudes, perceptions, and
opinion.
It contains responses directly related to each
specific research question, It can either be in the
form of an interview or a questionnaire.
Three (3) Types of question used in
conducting a SURVEY:
Interview
• An instrument that allows the researcher to qualitatively gather data.
Responses during interview are usually open-ended.
STAGES OF AN INTERVIEW:
1. Pre-interview Stage – interview guide is prepared and respondents are identified
and contacted
2. Warm-up Stage – initial part of interview when questions are asked to make the
respondents more at ease
3. Main Interview Stage – questions directly related to the research are asked
4. Closing Stage – questions are asked to wind down the interview and respondents
are acknowledged and thanked
Types of Instrument
Questionnaire
• Lists written questions to get specific information
• more quantifiable when compared to interview
• Uses responses which are dichotomous and identification
type of test
• In some cases, open-ended questions are incorporated in the
questionnaire
Parts of a Questionnaire:
Observation
• Allows the description of the behavior in a naturalistic or
laboratory setting
• Usually, this instrument is used to cross-validate the results
of other instruments
• Most useful when the answers to research questions require
description of behavior and setting when respondents cannot
literally answer interview questions and questionnaire for
some valid reasons such as inability to speak and write (ex.
Infants)
Types of Observation:
Experiment
• is a procedure undertaken scientifically and systematically to make a discovery and to
test hypothesis.
• It can be performed in a laboratory or in natural setting following the steps below:
1. Make observation.
2. Develop the hypothesis.
3. Design the experiment.
4. Conduct the experiment. Replicate the experiment to ensure the reliability of the
results.
5. Analyze the results.
6. Decide on whether to accept or reject the hypothesis based on the results.
Guidelines in doing the
instruments will be on
the next session…..
Guidelines in Preparing a
Questionnaire: