Design of

Ventilation and Air

Conditioning System
at U/G stations of DMRC

Presented by:-
Chandan Kumar &
Amit Kumar Tripathi
DMRC
 Content
 Station layout
 Overview of Tunnel ventilation system
 Environmental control system (ECS)
 Open System
 Closed System

 Emergency mode operation

 PSD System
 Calculation of Cooling Load in Under ground station
 Cooling of a Underground Station v/s Commercial Building
 Design Criteria for Thermal Comfort
 Equipment Selection
 Refrigerant used in DMRC
 Minimum Efficiency Criteria for ECS Equipment for DMRC UG Stations
 Chillers Efficiency at FL load as per ASHARE, ECBC and DMRC
 IPLV,NPLV and MPLV of chiller
Station layout
 Concourse Level

ECS Plant Rooms at each end of the station

Concourse
 Platform Level

TVS Plant Rooms at each end of the station

Platform
 Overview of Tunnel Ventilation System

Why Tunnel Ventilation System?

Tunnel being an enclosed area, are not directly open to the

atmosphere and smoke and heat are not allowed to disperse directly
into the atmosphere naturally.

Therefore a ventilation system is essential for passenger safety

and comfort in underground metro system.
 Different Scenario

Type of scenarios:-
 Normal
 Congestion
 Emergency scenario of fire
Normal Operation- Trains operating as per schedule

Function:- Provide relief from Piston Effect

Congested Scenario- Train stopped at platform or in a tunnel
section for more than a preset time (120 s, adjustable)

68ºC
68 o
C

46oC

32oC

32ºC
 Congested Scenario

Function:- Train AC Condenser inlet temperature to be maintained below 50ºC.

Fresh or Cool Air

Hot Air
Hot Smoke
 Emergency Scenario:- Fire or derailment

Fresh Outside Air

Hot Smoke

Function:- the annular velocity of fresh air should be greater than critical velocity
to avoid back-layering and provide smoke-free path for passenger evacuation
Environmental
Control System
(ECS)
 Purpose of Station VAC

 Providing air conditioning for public and non- public area

 Supply of fresh air to patrons
 Removal of traction and other heat generated by various
equipments
 Removal of other type of heat and fumes from batteries, UPS,
lights etc.
 Design Parameters

Outside Ambient conditions

 Summer- 42oC DB, 22.4oC WB
 Monsoon – 32.3oC DB, 29.1oC WB

Inside Conditions
 Platform & Concourse– 27oC, 55% RH
 BOH Rooms - 24oC, 55% RH
 Different Types of Environment Control Systems

 Open System
 Closed System
 Open System

 Required during the time when Ambient conditions are comfortable.

 15th November to 15th March
 Requires the station air conditioning system to use 100% outside air.
 All tunnel ventilation shaft dampers are wide open for a free
exchange of air between the tunnels and the atmosphere during the
train running
Open Mode Operation

Fresh or Cool Air

Hot Air
Damper Open
Damper Closed
 Closed System

 Operation of this mode in Summer

 Ventilation shaft dampers are closed and tunnel air is re-circulated to
the station air conditioning system.
 Return air by UPE & OTE system re circulated to AHU for further
cooling
 Intake of fresh air from outside as per CO2 level inside the station
Close Mode Operation
Fresh Air as
per CO2 level

Fresh or Cool Air

Hot Air
Damper Open
Damper Closed
Emergency Mode Operation

Hot Smoke
Damper Closed
Damper Open
 UG Station Platform Without PSD and With PSD
Station without PSD/Half Height PSD Station with platform screen door
 Underground station with PSD and Without PSD
Station without PSD( Platform screen door)/ Station with Full height PSD( platform screen
Half Height PSD door)

Platform without PSD or Half Height PSD Full Height PSD

Tunnel Hot air brought by Train Mixes with No air mixing of hot air brought by train with
station air conditioned air. station air condition air

Cooling load consists of station cooling load Station cooling load and tunnel cooling load
and tunnel cooling load. will dealt separately.

Same air conditioning equipment's for both Different equipment's for station and Tunnel
the tunnel and station cooling. cooling.

Tunnel cooling is done to keep tunnel temperature below 50ºC for preventing the unloading
of condenser unit of the Train.
 Calculation of Cooling Load in Under ground station
without Full Height PSD

1. For Underground metro station cooling load is calculated with the help of subway
design simulation software .

2. DMRC uses SES (Subway Environmental Simulation ) software for PHASE-III .

3. SES, the Subway Environment Simulation (SES) Computer Program, was first
published by Parsons Brinckerhoff (PB) with the sponsorship of US department of
transportation

4. SES simulation is only used to determine cooling loads imposed by air exchange with
the tunnels and air exchange with the atmosphere ,which is due to the train .
5. Major component of the station cooling load is due to train .
Component of Cooling Load of a typical Underground station of DMRC
without Platform Screen door (JANPATH STATION of Phase-iii)
Sr. Cooling Load Method of cooling load Value of % of Sensible/Late
No sources calculation Cooling Total nt
Load in Cooling
KW load

1 Rolling stock (Train) SES Analysis 1396 59 Mostly

Sensible

2 Lighting load Provided by the OEM 54 2.3 Sensible

3 Lifts+ Escalators+ Provided by the OEM 31 1.3 sensible
AFC gates
4 BOH (Equipments Summation of Heat load 232 9.8 Sensible
room) provided by Signalling and
Telecom Department
Equipment

5 Passengers ASHRAE HAND BOOK 148 6.2 Sensible

(Fundamentals 2009) +Latent
6. Fresh Air Load 10% ( Design Fresh air) 509 21.4 Sensible+
Latent
Total cooling Load 2370 100

27
 Comparison of cooling load distribution in an
Underground station and Building
Parameter Type of cooling Undergroun Commercial
Load d station /Official
Buildings
Cooling load Cooling Load
% Percentage
Equipment Load Sensible ≤ 65% ≤ 30%

Human Load Sensible+ Latent ≤ 10% ≤ 10%

Building envelope Sensible ≤ 5% ≤ 50%

/Solar Heat gain
ventilation Sensible+ Latent ≤ 10% ≤ 10%

Infiltration Sensible+ Latent ≤ 10% 0- 2%

 Design Criteria for thermal comfort inside the station
Parameter ASHRAE Values As per ASHRAE DMRC Values
STANDARD

Temperature ASHRAE 55 22-28 °C Platform =27° C

Concourse =28°C

Relative ASHRAE 55 Standard 55 does not 55%

Humidity specify a minimum
humidity level. Maximum
Humidity ratio 0.012
50%-60%.

Average Air ASHRAE 55 No Air Speed limit for 3 m/sec( At Higher

Speed waking passenger speed thermal
comfort can be
achieved at Higher
temperature)
Comfort zone

DMRC
Condition
27 ◦C &
55% RH
 Equipment selection
DMRC selects all the ECS equipment according to the international
standard/practice.
Sr. No Equipment Certification standard

1 Chillers water cooled AHRI Certified

2 Chiller Air Cooled AHRI or Euro vent
3 AHU Euro vent
4 Cooling tower CTI
5 FCU AHRI
6 Axial fans/Centrifugal fan AMCA
7 Dampers UL Certified
8 Duct work SMACNA, DW-144
9. Pipe IS,BS
10. Valves BS
11. Insulation Glass wool , Rockwool BS-476, ASTM, IS
12 Grills and Diffusers ASHRAE
 Minimum Efficiency Criteria for ECS Equipment for
DMRC UG Stations
Sr. No Equipment Minimum efficiency Criteria for DMRC

1 WATER COOLED CHILLER COP= 6.3 @ AHRI

2 Air Cooled Chiller COP=3 @ AHRI

3 Water Circulating pump >80%

efficiency

4 Axial Fan efficiency >70%

5 Cooling tower Water Losses 1% Maximum (Combined drift and
evaporative loss)

6. Damper(Smoke) Leakage Class-1 UL-555S

7. Insulation Glass wool, Rock Class “O” flame spread as per BS-476
wool

8. Motor EFF-1, IE-2 as per IEC

 Properties of Refrigerant used in DMRC
Equipment Refrigera Group ODP GWP Safety Efficiency
nt COP

Water cooled R-134a HFC 0 1300 A1 4.6

chiller

Air cooled R-410A HFC 0 2100 A1 4.41

chiller

VRV/VRF R-410A HFC 0 2100 A1 4.41

Rolling stock R-407C HFC 0 1774 A1 4.5

Split and R-22 HCFC 0.05 1810 A1 4.66

Window AC

VRV/VRF R-32 HFC 0 675 A2 4.65

(Proposed)
 Chillers Efficiency at FL load as per ASHARE ,ECBC and
DMRC
Sr.N Equipment Class Minimum COP Minimum COP of
o as Per COP as Per Chillers
ASHRAE(90.1 ECBC(2007) Selected in
-2013) effective DMRC
01/01/2015 Phase-III
1. Air Cooled Chiller ≤ 150 2.96 2.9 3.1
TR
2. Rotary Screw Water 5.3 5.4 Not Used in
Cooled Chiller(> 150TR DMRC
and < 300 TR)
3. Rotary Screw Water 5.75 5.75 6.45
Cooled Chiller(>300TR
and < 600 TR)
4. Centrifugal Water 5.76 5.8 Not Used in
Cooled Chiller (>150 DMRC
TR and < 300 TR)
5. Centrifugal Water 6.3* 6.17
Cooled Chiller>300 TR 6.1(2010) This is aspirational
value.
For mandatory value
see ASHRAE 90.1 2004
In DMRC most chillers are in between the range of 300 TR to 400TR capacities and are screw.
34
Comparison of AHRI loading and DMRC loading
Part load operation of Chiller
AHRI (Building) DMRC U/G station
% Load % of total % Load % of total Operational
Operational Hour Hour
100 1 90-100 20

75 42 80-90 40

50 45 70-80 30

25 12 60-70 10

35
 IPLV/NPLV @ AHRI (Building) MPLV(Metro Part Load Value )ion
For Underground stat

1
1
IPLV= 0.01 + 0.42 + 0.45 + 0.12 MPLV=
A B C D 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.1
A B C D

A=Kw/TR at 100% capacity A= KW/Ton at 90-100% capacity

B=Kw/TR at 75 % capacity B= KW/Ton at 80-90% capacity

C=Kw/TR at 50% capacity

C= KW/Ton at 70-80% capacity
D=Kw/TR at 25% capacity
D= KW/Ton at 60-70% capacity
Thank You