Cacat pada material selalu ada (cacat

kristal).
Hal ini akan menurunkan kekuatan
material.
Macam:
Cacat Kritstal – Cacat titik (point defect)
– Cacat garis (line defect)
– Cacat bidang (planar defect)
– Cacat ruang/volume (porositas)
 Cacat Titik
(Point Defects)

• Vacancies:
vacant atomic sites in
a structure.
• Self-Interstitials:
"extra" atoms
positioned between
atomic sites.
 Cacat Titik
(Point Defects)

• Subtional
One or more atoms substiate
with another atoms which
type of the atoms isn’t same
• Interstitial
• "extra" atoms positioned
between atomic sites. But
type of the atoms isn’t
same.
 Dislocations:
Cacat Garis (Line defects) • are line defects,
• slip between crystal planes result when
dislocations move,
• produce permanent (plastic) deformation

Linear Defects (Dislocations)

• – Are one-dimensional defects around
which atoms are misaligned
•  Edge dislocation:
• – extra half-plane of atoms inserted in a
crystal structure
• – b perpendicular to dislocation line
•  Screw dislocation:
• – spiral planar ramp resulting from shear
deformation
• – b parallel to dislocation line
Edge Dislocation
Dislocation motion requires the successive
bumping of a half plane of atoms (from left to
right here). Bonds across the slipping planes are
broken and remade in succession.
Screw Dislocation
 Cacat Bidang (Planar
defects

• One case is a twin boundary

(plane)
• – Essentially a reflection of
atom positions across the
twin plane.
 Volume defects in crystals are The four
categories are:
1.precipitates, which are a fraction of a
micron in size and decorate the crystal;
2. secondphase particles or dispersants,

Cacat Ruang ( which vary in size from a fraction of a

micron to the normal grain size (10-
100µm), but are intentionally
introduced into the microstructure;

Volume Defects) 3.inclusions, which vary in size from a

few microns to macroscopic
dimensions, and are relatively large,
undesirable particles that entered the
system as dirt or formed by
precipitation; and
4.voids, which are holes in the solid
formed the accumulation of vacancies.