 Press registration book act, 1867-1955

 Objectives of PRB act

 Role of RNI in PRB act
 Prasar Bharti, 1990
 Prasar bharti act
 Objective of Prasar bharti act
 Juvenile Act
 Pros of Juvenile act
 Cons of Juvenile act
 Domestic violence act
 Definition according to sec3 IPC
 Forms of Domestic violence
 Working journalist act (fixation of rates of wages act) ,
1958
The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867 has been
enacted for the regulation of printing-presses and
newspapers, for the preservation of copies of books and
newspapers printed in India and for the registration of
such books and newspapers. This is the oldest law relating
to the press, still existing in India. This regulatory law was
aimed to enable the government to regulate printing
presses and newspapers and other matter printed in India.
Several minor amendments were made in the Act to fulfill
the need of the changing situation. However, on the basis
of the recommendations of the First Press Commission in
1953, a major amendment was made in the Act which
created the Office of the Registrar of Newspapers of India
(RNI) and laid down its duties and functions. It started to
function in 1956.
 Is to secure information relating to the printing
establishments and their publications.
 To regulate printing press and newspapers.
 To preserve and register copies of every book and
newspaper printed in India.
 To prevent publication of anonymous literature.
 It does not affect the basic principle of freedom of
speech and expression.
 To verify and allot titles of newspapers,
periodicals and magazines on the basis of their
application.
 To allot registration number and to issue
certificates to the newspaper etc.
 Verify circulation claim.
 Receive annual statement of registered
newspapers and publish annual report.
 Allocate newsprint to newspapers.
 Help to import of printing/ composing machines
and materials.
PRASAR BHART is India’s largest public
broadcasting agency. It is a anonymous body set
up by an act of parliament and comprises the
DOORDARSHAN television network and ALL
INDIA RADIO, which were earlier media units of
the ministry of information and broadcasting. The
parliament of India passed the PRASAR BHARTI
act to grant this autonomy in 1990, but it was not
enacted until 15 September 1997.
The PRASAR BHARTI ACT provides for the
establishment of broadcasting corporation, to be
known as PRASAR BHARTI, and define its
composition, functions, and powers. The act grants
autonomy to ALL INDIA RADIO and to
DOORDARSHAN, both of which were previously
under government control. The act received the
assent of the president of India on 12 September 1990
after being unanimously passed by Parliament. It
was finally implemented in November 1997.
 To uphold the unity and integrity of the
country and the values enshrined in the
constitutions.
 To promote national integration.
 To safeguard citizen’s right to be informed
on all matters of public interest by
presenting a presenting a fair and balance
flow of information.
 To provide adequate coverage to diverse
cultures, sports, games and youth fairs.
 To promote social justice, safeguard the
rights for working classes, minorities and
tribal communities.
As per JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT (care and
protection of a children) 2015 child is conflict
with’ means a child who alleged or found to have
committed an offence and who has not completed
the 18 years of age on the date of commission of
such offence provided if, any child in conflict with
law under the age group 16-18 who alleged of
found to have committed any heinous offence will
be treated as an adults.
 Juvenile justice amendment act protects women:
if steps are not taken to prevent juveniles from
escaping the gallows, crimes against women will
continue to be perpetuated in society.
 Punishment should befit crime: Providing the
violent Juvenile convict with a job and money
following his release after he brutalised, raped
and killed a young girl in tantamount to
incentivising crime. It gave a wrong message to
poor section where crime may be seen as a
stepping stone for better opportunities.
 What about crimes committed with full knowledge-
for juvenile aged between 16-18, punishment should
be given in such cases as the Nirbhaya Juvenile
convict where there is complete understanding
regarding the implications of the crime.
 Criminals are exploiting the Juvenile Justice system.
With increasing number of organised crime networks
exploiting the Juvenile Justice system and the
loopholes, the Juvenile Justice system and the
loopholes, the Juvenile Justice Amendment Act will
come as a welcome relief and deterrent for such
evildoers.
 Juvenile Courts are not child savers: for their
efforts to prevent Juvenile criminals for being
tired in court, Juvenile courts and specialist were
called child savers. How can Juvenile court s be
called child savers?
 Rehabilitation is possible in some cases: Rising
violent crime rates have been testing the Juvenile
justice system in many countries. But the bill does
not make provision for rehabilitation which is
possible in some cases.
 Juvenile justice homes are mere warehouses- they do
nothing to address the problem of rehab and neither
does the juvenile justice bills.
 Human mind not completely developed: studies have
shown that human mind is not completely developed
till the age of 25 and Juveniles are poorest of the poor.
Often, such children forced into smuggling and
prostitution have either no knowledge or choice. It is
unfair to punish a child as an adult.
 Juvenile justice homes are hell holes: Homes are lack
trained counsellors and nearly 40% of the criminals
lapsed back into crime on account of negligence from
the authorities.
The Protection of Women from Domestic
Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of
India enacted to protect women from domestic
violence. It was brought into force by the Indian
government from 26 October 2006. The Act
provides for the first time in Indian law a
definition of "domestic violence", with this
definition being broad and including not only
physical violence, but also other forms of violence
such as emotional/verbal, sexual, and economic
abuse. It is a civil law meant primarily
for protection orders and not meant to be
enforced criminally.
 For the purpose of this act, any act omission,
commission or conduct of the respondent shall
constitute domestic violence in case it –
 Harms or injuries or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or
well-being whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved
persons or tends to do so and includes causing physical
abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse.
 Harasses, harms injures or endangers the aggrieved person
with a view to coerce her or any other person related to her to
meet any unlawful demand for any dowry or property or
valuable security.
 Has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or any
person related to her by any conduct mentioned in a clause (a)
or clause (b); or (d) otherwise injuries or cause harms,
whether physical or mental, to the aggrieved person.
 Physical assault or injury (hitting, beating,
showing, etc.)
 Psychological or emotional abuse
 Social abuse
 Financial abuse
 Sexual assault (sexual abuse, forced sexual
activity)
 The right to information is a fundamental right under
the constitution of India.
 Information is necessary to express and form opinions,
dissent or support any matter. It is therefore a part of
Article 19 (1)(A)
 Information is necessary for protection of the right to
liberty and life. It is therefore a part of article 21.
 An act to regulate certain conditions of
service (fixation of rates of wages) of
working journalists and other persons
employed in newspaper establishment.
 The first press commission found that emoluments
received by journalist were on the whole
unsatisfactory. It recognized the necessity of fixing a
minimum wages to be paid to them.
 The provision applicable to workmen under the
Industrial disputes act, 1947 shall apply to working
journalists.
 An ordinance entitled the working journalist (fixation
of rates of wages) ordinance was promulgated on 14th
June, 1958. This ordinance was later replaced by an act
of the parliament.
 The act has been passed to regulate certain conditions
of services of the working journalists and other
persons employed in the newspaper establishment.
 Sec3: 1. owner of a newspaper can retrench (a) an
editor with 6 month notice
(b) Any other journalist with 3 month notice.
This is an accordance with sec 25f of the industrial
disputes act, 1947.
Sec4 : for the purpose of enabling the central
government to fix rates of its wages in respect to
working journalist in the light of the judgement
of the supreme court dated 19th day of march, 1958
relating to the wage board decision and under all
relevant circumstances, the central government
shall by notification constitute a committee.
The committee consists of—
a. An offer of the Ministry of law not below the rank of joint
secretary nominated by the central government who shall be
the chairman of the committee.
b. Three persons nominated from the ministry of home affairs,
labours and employment and a chartered accountant.
c. The committee may call upon newspapers establishments ,
working journalist and other person interested in the wage
board decision. Every representation should in writing and
within 30 days as may be specified in the notice. The
representations may specify the grounds for modification to
the central government and also specify the dates from which
the rate of wages should take effect.
Section 5: the working journalist who have been in continuous
service for at least 3 years in a newspaper establishments, are
entitled for gratuity on his retirement or in case of his death.
The employer of the establishment should pay an amount
equivalent to 15 days average pay for every completed year of
service or in any part excess of 6 months. In case of death the
nominee of the working journalist is entitled to the gratuity.
Sec6 : no working journalist shall be required to work more
than 144 hrs. During any period of 4 consecutive weeks,
exclusive for the times of meal. Every working journalist
shall be allowed during any period of 7 consecutive days,
rest for a period of not less more than 24 hours inclusive of
the period between 10 pm and 6 am.
Sec7 : Every working journalist shall be entitled to earned
leave on full wages for not less than one – eleventh of the
period spent on duty and leave on medical certificates on
one half of the wages for not less than one – eighteenth of
the period of service. In addition, the working journalist is
also entitled to casual leave.
Sec8: provides for the fixation or revision of rates of wages.
The central government may-
a) Fix rates of wages in respect of working journalist.
b) Revise from time to time such intervals the rate of wages
fixed under this section.
Sec9: A wage board shall be constituted by the central government ,
for fixing and revising rates of wages of working journalists by
notification in the official gazette. The wage board shall consist
of –
a) 2 representatives of newspapers employees.
b) 2 representatives of working journalist.
c) 3 independent persons, one whom shall be a person who is has
been a judge of high court or supreme court and who shall be
appointed by the government as its chairmen.
Sec 10 and sec 11 : procedures and recommendation of the wage
board:
o The board has the power to regulate its own procedure.
o The board shall call upon newspaper establishments and
working journalists and other persons interested in the
fixation and revision of wages within a stipulated time period
in writing.
o The representation shall state the rate of wages which in his
would be reasonable . He must consider the capacity of the
employer or any other circumstances before making the
recommendation.
o The board may exercise all or any powers which an Industrial
tribunal exercise.
Sec 12 empowers the central government to enforce the recommendations
of the wage board.
 After the receipt of the recommendation of the board, central govt may
as it thinks fit:
a. Make orders for it’s implication
b. Make modification in the recommendation
c. Refer the recommendation or any part there of to the board.
 The Central Govt before making such modifications shall cause notice
to be given to all persons likely to be affected.
 Every order made by the Central Govt shall be published in the official
gazette and also specify the date from which the order shall come into
operation. Sec 13:A wage board shall be constituted
by the Central government for fixing or revising rates of wages in
respect of non-journalist newspaper employees. it shall consist of -
(a)2 representatives of newspaper employees .
(b)2 representatives of non-journalist newspaper employees.
(c)3 independent persons, one of whom shall be a person who is or has
been a judge of High Court or Supreme Court and who shall be
appointed by the government as its chairman.
 Provisions of the following act shall apply to every
newspaper establishment employing 20 or more persons-
a)Industrial employment (standing orders) act, 1946
b) Employers provident funds act, 1952.
 If any employer contravenes any of the provisions of this
act, he shall be punishable with the fine which may extend
to Rs.200. if the offence is committed for the second time,
the fine may extend to Rs.500 .
 Where any amount is due under this act to a working
journalist himself or any other person authorised in
writing on his behalf or in the case of death of the working
journalist , any member of his family behave or in the case
of death of working journalist, any member of his family
may without prejudice to any other mode of recovery of
money, make an application to the state government for
the recovery of money due to him, and the state
government, it shall issue a certificate for that amount to
the collector and the collector shall proceed to recover that
amount in the same manner.