First Aid &

Bandaging
What is First Aid?
The immediate care given to a
person/victim who has suddenly
become ill or has been injured.
3c’s of First aiding
• Check
• Call
• Care
 Role of First Aider
• Bridge the gap between the time of the accident
and the arrival of the physician.
• Ends when medical assistance begins.
• Doesn’t intend to compete with or take place of
the physician.
 Objectives of First Aid

• To Alleviate suffering
• To Prolong life
• To Prevent further or added injury
 Characteristic of a
Good First Aider
• Gentle- shouldn’t cause pain
• Resourceful- make best use of all things
• Observant- notice all signs
• Sympathetic- should be comforting
• Tactful- shouldn’t be alarming
Conditions Requiring First Aid
Fainting Wounds
Nose
Fracture
Bleed
 Signs &
Fainting Symptoms
caused by a sudden fall in • Sweating
• Dizziness
the supply of blood to • Nausea
their brain that results in • Weakness
the temporary loss of • Paleness
• Ringing in the ears
consciousness. • Blurred vision
 First Aid
• Lay the person flat on the ground. Elevate the legs to
coax more blood into your brain.
• If person is on chair, push his head down between his
knees.
• Loosen tight clothing.
• Avoid crowding the patient.
• Call a doctor if necessary.
Nose Bleed
-occurs when a small blood vessel in the lining of the
nose bursts. It very common in children and often
result from harmless activities such as your child
picking their nose, blowing it too hard or too often or
from getting knocked on the nose during play.
 First Aid
• Sit down and lean forward slightly.
• Pinch the lower part of the nostrils just below the bony part of the nose
for 10minutes while breathing through the mouth.
• Release nostrils slowly, repeat procedure if bleeding continue.
• Do not touch or blow the nose for about 24hrs. Do not pact the
affected nostrils with cotton.
• Bring patient to hospital if necessary.
 Wounds Classification

• Break in the continuity of • Open (external)

a tissue either external or • Closed (internal)
internal.
Open
Wounds
Laceration

Abrasion
Puncture Avulsion
Close
Wounds

Contusion Hematoma
Blisters
 Fracture

-a medical condition in which there is a break in the

continuity of the bone. A bone fracture can be the result of
high force impact or stress, or trivial injury as a result of
certain medical conditions that weaken the bones
 Types of Fracture
• Greenstick fracture: an incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent.
• Transverse fracture: a fracture at a right angle to the bones axis.
• Spiral fracture: a fracture in which the break has a curved or sloped pattern.
• Comminuted fracture: a fracture in which the bone fragments into several
pieces.
• Compound fracture: meaning the bone ends are no longer touching.
Types of Fracture
 Signs & Symptoms
• Pain and swelling at the fracture site.
• Tenderness close to the fracture.
• Paleness and deformity (sometimes).
• Loss of pulse below the fracture, usually in an extremity (this is an
emergency).
• Numbness, tingling or paralysis below the fracture (rare; this is an
emergency).
• Bleeding or bruising at the site.
• Weakness and inability to bear weight.
 First Aid
• Initial treatment for fractures of the arms, legs,
hands and feet in the field include splinting the
extremity in the position it is found, elevation and ice.
Immobilization will be very helpful with initial pain
control.
Bandaging
 Bandaging
Bandages have three key uses: applying pressure to
bleeding wounds; covering wounds and burns; and
providing support and immobilization for broken
bones, sprains, and strains. These includes
gauze,triangular, Elastic, and tubular bandage.
Head Top (for head injuries)
• Fold the base at least 2-3”
• Place folded base aligned with eyebrows
• Pull back and cross-over at the back, tucking
apex beneath
• Pull both ends in front/secure with a square knot
at the center of the folded base/tuck ends
• Pull down apex (tuck sides neatly)
• Tuck apex neatly at cross-over area
 Chest Bandage

• Apex at the shoulder of injured

part
• Pull back folded base and secure
with square knot at the center
indention of the back.
• Knot/tie longer end with apex
 Hand Bandage
• Place the hand in the middle of the triangular
bandage with the wrist at the base of the
• Place the apex over the fingers and tuck any
excess material into the pleats on each side of
the hand
• Cross the ends on top of the hand, take
them around the wrist, and tie them with a
square knot.
 Arm Sling

• Place folded base vertically over

• One arm, with pointed directly under the
elbow of injured arm
• Lower ends of base at the side of the neck
using a square knot
• Make several twist with apex and tie a knot
• Hide the knot
 Underarm Sling

• Same procedure as arm sling

except that the lower end of the
base is tucked under the injured
arm.
• Secure end of base and apex
with a square knot the center
indention at the back.
 Cravat Bandage for
Forehead
• Place the center of the cravat over
the compress covering the wound.
• Carry the ends around to the
opposite side of the head, cross them.
Bring them back to the staring point
and tie them.
Cravat Bandage for the Neck

• Place the center of the cravat over the

compress covering the wound.
• Carry the ends around to the neck, cross
them. Bring them back to the starting point
and tie them loosely.
 Cravat Bandage for the
Cheek or Ears
• Use the wide cravat. Start with the middle of the cravat over
the compress covering the cheek or the ear.
• Carry one end over the top of the head and the other under
the chin.
• Cross the ends at the opposite side.
• Bring the short end back around the forehead and the long
end around the back of the head.
• Tie them down over the compress
Cravat Bandage for the Eye
• Lay center of the first cravat over top of he with
the front end falling over uninjured eye.
• Bring second cravat around head, over eyes, and
over loose ends of first cravat. Tie in front
• Bring ends of first cravat back over top of head,
tying there and pulling second cravat up and away
form uninjured eye.
 Cravat Bandage for Elbow

• Bend arm at elbow and place center of

cravat at point of elbow
• Bring ends up and across each other in
overlapping spiral turns. Continue one end
up arm and the other end down forearm.
• Bring ends to front of elbow and tie.
 Cravat Bandage for the
Knee
• Start on top of the knees.
• Cross over and twist 2-3 times under
the knee.
• Cross over on top/pull ends to
opposite sides.
• Secure with a square knot under the
knee
Cravat for the Forearm, Arm,
Leg and Thigh
• Place center of cravat over the dressing
• Begin ascending turns wit upper end and
descending turns with lower end, with each
turn covering two-third of preceding turn
until dressing is covered.
• Terminate by tying both ends in square
knot.
 Shoulder Armpit Cravat

• Start at the armpit.

• Cross-over at injured shoulder
• Tie at the opposite armpit (side
of front)