SECTION III: PHILOSOPHICAL

PERSPECTIVE IN EDUCATION

ETCHEL E. VALLECERA
PHILOSOPHY BEGINS
WITH WONDER.
-SOCRATES
 PHILOSOPHY is made
up of two Greek words,
PHILO, meaning LOVE, and
SOPHOS, meaning WISDOM.

PHILOSOPHY means “LOVE OF WISDOM”

EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY is our
beliefs about WHY, WHAT
and HOW we teach, WHOM
we teach, and about the
NATURE OF LEARNING.
EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY is a set
of principles that guides
professional action
through the events and
issues teachers face
daily.
EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY can refer
either to the application of
philosophy to the problem of
education, examining
definitions, goals and chains of
meaning used in education by
teachers, administrators and
policymakers.
Sources of EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY are our:
- life experiences
- values
- the environment in which
we live
- interactions with others
- awareness of philosophical
approaches
 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPY
BRANCH
Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology

SUB-
BRANCHES -Ontology - Ethics
-Cosmology - Aesthetics
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPY
METAPHYSICS(nature of reality)
- It is the branch of philosophy responsible for the
study of existence.
-It answers the question "What is?"
-It encompasses everything that exists, as well as
the nature of existence itself.
- It says whether the world is real, or merely an illusion.
- It is a fundamental view of the world around us.
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES

METAPHYSICS (nature of reality)

What is the nature of reality?
What’s out there?
Do you think human being are basically
good or evil?
What are conservative or liberal beliefs?
SUB-BRANCHES OF METHAPHYSICS

ONTOLOGY
- It is a branch of metaphysics
concerned with the nature and
relations of being or the kinds of things
that have existence.
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES

ONTOLOGY
What issues are related to nature,
existence, or being?
Is a child inherently evil or good?
How might your view determine your
classroom management?
SUB-BRANCHES OF METHAPHYSICS

COSMOLOGY
- It is a branch of metaphysics
concerned with the scientific study of
the origin and structure of the universe.
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES

COSMOLOGY
What is the nature and origin of the
cosmos or universe?
Is the world and universe orderly or is it
marked by chaos?
What would one or the other mean for a
classroom?
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPY
EPISTEMOLOGY(nature of knowledge)
- Epistemology is the study of our method of
acquiring knowledge.
- It answers the question, "How do we know?“
- It encompasses the nature of concepts, the
constructing of concepts, the validity of the senses,
logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas,
memories, emotions, and all things mental.
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES

EPISTEMOLOGY(nature of knowledge)
What is the nature of knowledge?
How do I know about it?
How do we come to know?
How would an anthropologist look at this
classroom? A political scientist? A biologist?
How do we know what a child know?
Knowing based on:
EPISTEMOLOGY(nature of knowledge)
Scientific Inquiry
Senses and Feelings
From authority or divinity
Empiricism (experience)
Intuition
Reasoning or Logic
What reasoning processes yield valid
conclusions?
DEDUCTIVE - reasoning from the
general to the particular

All children can learn.

Bret is a firth grader.
He has a learning disability.
Can Bret learn?
What reasoning processes yield valid
conclusions?
INDUCTIVE - reasoning from the
specific to the general

After experimenting with plant growth

under varied conditions, students
conclude plants need water and light.
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPY

AXIOLOGY(nature of values)
- Axiology is the study of the nature, types,
and criteria of values and o value judgments
especially in ethics.
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES

AXIOLOGY(nature of values)
What values should one live by?
Is morality defined by our actions, or by what
is in our hearts?
What values should be taught in character
education?
SUB-BRANCHES OF METHAPHYSICS

ETHICS
-Ethics is the branch of study dealing with
what is the proper course of action for man.
-It answers the question, "What do I do?“
- It is the study of right and wrong in human
endeavors. .
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES
ETHICS
What is good and evil, right and wrong?
Is it ever right to take something that does not
belong to you?
Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we
sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause?
Is that foundation of ethics based on the Bible,
or on the very nature of man himself, or neither?
SUB-BRANCHES OF METHAPHYSICS
AESTHETICS
-Aesthetics is the study of art.
- It includes what art consists of, as well as
the purpose behind it.
-It also studies methods of evaluating art,
and allows judgments of the art.
EDUCATIONAL EXAMPLES
AESTHETICS
What is beautiful?
How do we recognize a great piece of music? Art?
Can there be beauty in destruction?
Does art consist of music, literature, and painting? Or
does it include a good engineering solution, or a
beautiful sunset?
 Is art in the eye of the beholder?
Does anything that appeals to you fit under the
umbrella of art? Or does it have a specific nature?
Does it accomplish a goal?
References:
https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416
/PP1.html
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduct
ion_to_Philosophy/The_Branches_of_P
hilosophy

http://www.importanceofphilosophy.co
m/FiveBranchesMain.html