PROJECT OF

INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS
STUDY BASED ON SWEDEN
 GROUP MEMBERS

 PETHANEE AJAY. D
 PATEL RADHE. J
 RAJPUT NARENDRA. H
 RAV NRUPESH
 VAGHASIYA BHAVIK. K
 THAKOR PRANAY
 ACHARYA ADITIYA
 JOSHI UTKARSH
 GURPREET SINGH
 INTRODUCTION TO SWEDEN

 A country with thousands of coastal island and inland lake with vast
boreal forest and glaciated mountains.
 Capital of Sweden is Stockholm, which is built on 14 islands more
than 50 bridges connected.
 Currency of Sweden is Swedish krona (SEK).
 1 SEK = 7.23 INDIAN RUPEE.
 Sweden a cashless country.
 Bank notes of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000, coins of 1,2,5 and 10.
 Sweden is low crime country and ranked as 18th safest country in the
world.
 Sweden is a scandinavin Nordic country in northen Europe.
 It border Norway to the west and north, finland to the east and is
connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge tunnel.
 Sweden is probably non for Abba, Ikea and meant bolls.
 For warm weather and sunshine the best time to visit Sweden is may
to September, july is the hottest and wettest month and January is
the coldest month.
 Population of Sweden was 10.2million in 2018.
 People of Sweden speaks Swedish language.
 Per day to live in Sweden tourist needs around 70 US DOLLARS(420
SEK).
 People of Sweden follows Christian religion mostly are catholics
ECONOMY OF SWEDEN
 Stockholm
 Currency = Swedish krona (SEK, kr) ~ 0.1
 Fiscal year = Calendra year
 Trade organisation = EU, OSCE, WTO, OECD, and other

Statistics
 GDP = $550 billion (nominal; 2018)
 GDP rank = 21st (nominal) /38th (PPP)
 GDP growth = 1.2% (2019)
 GDP per capital = $ 52,311 (nominal; 2017)
$ 51,316 (PPP; 2017)
 GDP by sector = agriculture: 1.8%, industry: 27.4%,
services: 70.8% ( 2012 est)
 Inflation (CPI) = 2.3% (2018 est)
 Gini coefficient = 28 (2017)
 Labour force = 5.4 million (August 2018)
 Labour force bye occupation = agriculture: 1.1%, industry: 28.2%
service: 70.7% (2008 est)
 Unemployment = 6,8% (may 2018)
 Average gross salary = 40,000/ $54,000 annual (2014)
 Average net salary = 31,000/ $40,000 annual (2014)
 Main industries = iron and steel,, precision equipment
(bearings, radio, telephone parts, armaments) pulp and paper
processed foods, motor vehicle
 Ease-of doing-business rank = 12th (2019)
EXTERNAL
 Export = $ 169.7 billion (2017)
 Export goods = machinery, motor vehicles, paper product,
pulp and wood, iron and steel product, chemical, military
armaments
 Main export partner = Germany 11%
Norway 10.2%
finland 6.9%
united states 6.8%
Denmark 6.8%
united kingdom 6.2%
netherland 5.4%
china 4.6% (2017)
 Imports = $ 154.8 billion
 Import goods = machinery, petroleum and petroleum
products, chemical, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs,
clothing
 Main import partner = Germany 18.7%
Netherland 8.8%
Norway 8.2%
Denmark 7.2%
united kingdom 5.2%
Belgium 5.0%
finland 4.7%
china 4.6%
france 3.9% (2017)
 FDI stock = $ 0.5 trillion (31 December 2012)
 Gross external = $ 939.9 billion (31 march 2016) debt

PUBLIC FINANCES
 Public debt = 41.4% of GDP ( 2016)
 Revenue = $ 0.27 trillion (2012)
 Expenses = $ 0.27 trillion (2012)
 Economic = donor; ODA - $ 4 billion (april 2007)
 Political system

 Politics of Sweden takes place in a framework of a parliamentary

representative democratic constitutional monarchy.
 Executive power is exercised by the government,led by the Prime
minister of Sweden.
 Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament
elected within a multi party system.
 The judiciary is independent, and appointed by the government and
employed until retirement.
 Sweden is formally a monarchy with a king holding symbolic power.
 The current democratic regime is a product of a stable development of
successively added democratic institution introduced during the 19th
century, when women’s suffrage was introduced.
 Since the Great Depression, Swedish national politics has largely been
dominated by the social democratic workers party , which has held a
plurality (sometimes a majority) in parliament since 1917.
 The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Sweden as “full democracy”
in 2016.
 The constitution consists of four fundamental laws:
1. Instrument of Government(1974)
2. Act of Succession(1809)
3. Freedom of Press Act(1766)
4. Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression(1991).
 The most important is the Instrument of Government of 1974 which sets
out the basic principle of political life in Sweden, defining rights and
freedom.
 The Act of Succession is a treaty between the old Riksdag of the Estates
and House of Bernadotte regulating their rights to accede to sewdish
throne.
 Head of State(Monarch)
King Carl 16 Gustaf of the House of Bernadotte (1973)
 Head of Government (Prime Minister)
Stefan Lofven (2014)
 The highest executive authority of the state is vested in government,
which consists of a Prime Minister and roughly 22 Minister who head the
ministries.
 The Ministers are appointed by the solo discretion of the Prime Minister.
 The Prime Minister is nominated by the Speaker and appointed
following a vote in the Riksdag itself.
 Monarch plays no part in this process.
 The unicameral Riksdag has 349 members, popularly elected every 4 yrs
 Sweden is divided into 21 counties, in each county there is a county
administrative board and a county council.
 Each county contains several municipalities, in total 290.
 Major parties of Sweden
1. Swedish social democratic party (social democracy)
2. Moderate party (liberal conservatism)
3. Swedish democrats (social covservatism, nationalism)
4. Centre party (liberalism, Agrarianism)
 Culture and Society

 Religions: Lutheran 87%, others (roman catholic, Orthodox, Bapist,

Muslims, Jewish and Buddhist) 13%.
 One of the key characteristics of Swedish culture is that Swedes are
egalitarian in nature, humble and find boasting absolutely
unacceptable.
 In many ways, swedes prefer to listen to others as opposed to ensuring
that their own voice is heard.
 Swedes speaks softly and calmly.
 Failing to say thank you for something in Sweden is perceived as
negatively.
 The Church of Sweden professes the Lutheran branch of Christianity
and it has a membership of almost 7 million people; making it the
largest Lutheran Church globally.
 Behaviours in Sweden are strongly balanced towards ‘lagom’ or, ‘everything
in moderation’. Excess, flashiness and boasting are abhorred in Sweden and
individuals strive towards the middle way.
 As an example, work hard and play hard are not common concepts in
Sweden. People work hard but not too hard, they go out and enjoy
themselves, but without participating in anything extreme.
 The indigenous population of Sweden is comprised of Swedes with Finnish and
Sami minorities.
 Foreign-born or first-generation immigrants are typically of Finnish, Danish,
Norwegian, Greek, Iranian and Turkish ethnicity.
 The Role of Hospitality
 Although Sweden is a largely egalitarian and relaxed environment, hospitality
and eating arrangements are often a formal affair.
 It is more common for guests to be invited to a Swede’s home for coffee and
cake as opposed to a meal, but, if you are invited for a meal then ensure that
you:
 Are punctual as it is considered extremely impolite if you are rude. In the same
essence, do not arrive too early. It is not an uncommon event in Sweden for
guests to sit in the car until the last minute or walk around the block until the
expected time of arrival has arrived!
 Dress smartly as to otherwise would be considered disrespectful to the hosts.
 You may be shown around the house but do not ask to see the rest of the house as
Swedes are general very private.
 When eating, keep your hands in full view, with your wrists on top of the table.
 The European eating etiquette should be adhered to in respect to knife in the right
hand and fork in the left.
 You may not eat until the host/hostess has said "varsågoda".
 Do not take the last helping from a plate.
 Finish everything on your plate as it is considered rude to leave any food uneaten.
 Do not offer a toast to anyone more senior to you in age. When offering a toast then
lift your glass and nod at everyone present looking from those seated on your right to
those seated on your left before taking a sip. You should then nod again before
replacing your glass on the table.
 It is important that you do not discuss business at the table as Swedes try to
distinguish between home and work.
 During formal events, the guest seated on the left of the hostess typically stands to
make a speech during the sweet, to thank her on behalf of the whole group.
 Always write or call to thank the host / hostess within a few days of attending the
dinner.
 Technology

 When it comes to research and development (R&D), Sweden

proves its commitment by investing, as a rule, more than 3 per cent
of the country’s growth domestic product (GDP) in R&D. This is more
than many other countries, as shown in the chart above.
 Green technology and life sciences are two fields in which Swedish
researchers and companies excel. The government has created an
office of life sciences dedicated to developing a national strategy
for the life sciences to further promote the field.
 Sweden has also achieved high rankings in innovation surveys such
as the Legatum Prosperity Index and the Global Innovation Index.
 Swedish is one of the strategic business partners of Oracle in the
Middle East region.
 Infrastructure
 Sweden is a large country, stretching far from north to south. This is why
a well-functioning infrastructure has been vital to Sweden’s
development – from railways to telecommunications and broadband.
Policies offering access to technology and the internet have
contributed to making Sweden the innovative nation it is today.
 In the 1990s, the Swedish government pushed out a widely developed
broadband network and Swedes’ early access to fast internet coupled
with subsidised computer-lending programmes helped cultivate a
society of early adopters. In 2016, the government also adopted a new
broadband strategy. It aims to get all of Sweden connected to high-
speed internet by 2025.
 its knowledge and experience in Oracle Applications projects
yields a unique understanding of customer needs and allows It to tailor
cost-effective solutions to address those needs.
 Our thorough knowledge of !he product suite is complementing our
deep domain experience to satisfy our customers’ diverse needs within
all aspects of the implementation services starting from gathering
business requirements, setting the solution design based on best
practices, till the system is built, tested, and deployed on production.
Again,
 Upgrade Services
 Swedish Technology’s successful upgrade model, irrespective
of Enterprise Application domain, has been developed in order to
facilitate seamless and safe upgrade of the entire application
environments ‘without’ adversely affecting any
business processes. Swedish has developed a flexible and scalable
process, for the upgrade lifecycle for projects of varied sizes that would
Involve both our functional & technical experts.
 Support Services
 Building on its strong track record in Enterprise
Solutions implementations, Swedish Technology introduces support
services to maintain and sustain a cost effective, healthy and up-to-date
application, technology and human capital infrastructure for production
state customers.
 Swedish provides your organization with rapid response, training, workshop,
online support, remote trouble
shooting and onsite support. The service is provided as a standard
package or customized
to your need.
 FortiGate Next Generation Firewalls (NGFW)
 Riverbed WAN Optimization.
 Swedish technology provides the industry’s #1 optimization solution for
accelerated delivery of any application across the Hybrid WAN. With
Riverbed SteelHead WAN optimization, you have better visibility into
application and network performance and the end user experience.
the most complete set of network services and path selection based on
intent-based, business-driven, global policies with local enforcement,
you also have significantly improved control to enable business agility.
 VMware Enterprise Solution Provider Partner we add value by
combining our technology expertise along with services to design, plan
and deploy sophisticated virtualization solutions to meet the technical
and business needs of our customers.
 GIS (geographic information system)
 Swedish an expertise Power Solution team for commercial Electrical
installation and UPS Supply.
 SWEDEN: LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

 Business Contract
 Intellectual Property
 Legal Framework of Business
 International Dispute Resolution
 Business Contract
 General Observation
 Sweden is part of the Convention of Rome (1980) which details the legal
rules governing the drawing up of international sales contracts for
goods, the obligations of the buyer and the seller, recourse in case of
breach of contract and other aspects of the contract.
 Law Applicable to the Contract
 The sale of goods is covered by the Law Applicable to the Sale of
Goods, incorporated into the Convention of The Hague (1955). Sweden
is part of the Vienna Convention. The Convention of Rome (on the law
applicable to contractual obligations) allows Sweden to keep its
national regulations concerning legal conflict relative to goods
transport by sea.
 Advisable Incoterms
 It is preferable to choose an incoterm FOB or CIF. Avoid EXW, if you do
not want to have to take care of the transport in Sweden which can be
complicated.
 Other Laws Which Can Be Used in Domestic Contracts
 The signatories to a contract can choose which law applies to all or part
of the contract as well as the competent court in case of dispute. If the
parties have not explicitly chosen an applicable law, the contract is
governed by the law of the country with which it has the closest ties,
according to the principle of proximity (usual place of residence, or
central administration - of the provider - the location of the main
establishment or the establishment which provides the service, etc.).
 Intellectual Property
 National Organisations
 The organisation responsible for the protection of intellectual property in
Sweden is the Swedish Patent and Registration Office. For copyright, this
is the Copyright Office. Patents are protected for an annual fee.
 Type of property and law Validity International Agreements Signed
Patent 20 years with annual renewal fees Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

Patent Act
Trademark 5 years Trademark Law Treaty
Protocol Relating to the Madrid
Trademarks Act Agreement Concerning the
International Registration of Marks
Copyright 70 years after the death of the Berne convention For the Protection
author of Literary and Artistic Works
The Swedish Copyright Legislation Convention for the Protection of
Producers of Phonograms Against
Unauthorized Duplication of Their
Phonograms
Rome ConventionFor the Protection
of Performers, Producers of
Phonograms and Broadcasting
Organizations
WIPO Copyright Treaty
WIPO Performances and
Phonograms Treaty

Industrial Models 20 years with annual renewal fees

Industrial designs
 Regional Organisations
 Governing trademarks, designs and models: the European Union
Intellectual Property Office
 International Membership
 Member of the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
Signatory to the Paris Convention For the Protection of Intellectual Property
Membership to the TRIPS agreement - Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (TRIPS)
 Legal Framework of Business
 Equity of Judgments
 Equal Treatment of Nationals and Foreigners
 Foreign nationals can have an impartial trial.
 Legal Similarities
 The legal system is based on a system of civil law influenced by common
law. The main law is the Constitution of 1974. As Sweden belongs to the
European Union, its national law must adhere to the conditions of
community legislation.
The Different Legal Codes

Accounting regulations Annual Accounts Act (1995)

Bookkeeping Act (1999)

Contract and property law Swedish Competition Act

Consumer law Marketing Act

Company law Act on Identification Designation for

Legal Entities (1974)
Swedish Code of Corporate Governance
The Swedish Competition Act

Investment law The Sveriges Riksbank Act (Law on the

National Bank of Sweden)
The Swedish Investment Funds Act

Labour law The Labour Disputes (Judicial Procedure)

Act
The Work Environment Act
 International Dispute Resolution
 Arbitration
 Arbitration is a solution for settling disputes. An arbitrator is called in who has
to make the final decision.
 Arbitration Law
 The Swedish Arbitration Act
 Conformity to International Commercial Arbitration Rules
 Party to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of
Foreign Arbitral Awards.
Party to the Geneva Protocol on Arbitration Clauses.
Party to the Geneva Convention of the Execution of Foreign Arbitral
Awards.
 Appointment of Arbitrators
 A judicial arbitrator must be of legal age and be a professional judge of the
legal system. One or several arbitrators may be appointed to settle a case.
The arbitrator can use the jurisdiction of his choice. An arbitrator may be
chosen by other arbitrators.
 Arbitration Procedure
 The most important organization is the Arbitration Institute of the Chamber
of Commerce of Stockholm. It deals with about 100 cases a year, about
25% of which are national and international arbitrations based on its own
regulations, which came into force on 1 April 1999.
When presenting his petition, the plaintiff must set out briefly the facts of the
dispute and pay the case fees; if there are any irregularities, the Institute
can decide to interrupt the procedure. The defendant, after the Institute
has informed him of the existence of an arbitration petition concerning him,
sets out his arguments. If there is no agreement between the parties on the
subject, the Institute takes charge of setting up the Arbitration Tribunal and
deciding where the arbitration will take place.
The average duration of an arbitration procedure was 211 days in 1998.
Registration fees are 1 000 EUR. For a dispute of 100 000 EUR, the fees paid
to the presiding judge of the Arbitration Tribunal (if there is just one
arbitrator) are between 4 000 and 8 500 EUR; if there are several arbitrators,
each co-arbitrator has a right to 60% of the fees paid to the presiding judge
of the Arbitration Tribunal. Administrative costs are 3 000 EUR. When the
dispute is settled by one single arbitrator, the total cost is between 8 000
and 12 500 EUR.
 Permanent Arbitration Bodies
 SWOT

 STRENGTH
 Informal system; no hierarchies - Wide spread of ICT usage - Long
tradition of usage of IKT in many sectors of society - Knowledge of
high level system development – Infrastructure
 Established big companies (Ericsson, Securitas, Defence Industry,… )
- Small population, large country -> surveillance - Many players; co-
operation natural
 Niches in selected tech areas (sensors, bio-tech, IT security, … ) -
Some excellent research environments - Even elderly are early
adopters - Climate of innovation - Huge interest in ICT-healt care
 Close co-operation industry-academia - strong R&D base in
production simulation - Particularly strong ICT knowledge in telecom
and automobile industry
 Weakness
 Decreasing interest for science and technology education - Low
salaries in R&D - Financing of early phases - Unclear division of
responsibility among agencies .
 No experienced real threat - Sweden is underrepresented in EU
financed R&D - Small players.
 Stovepipe like education - Conservatism; proof of concept - Weak
demand; “no early buyers”; to many buyers - Weak integration with
todays’ ITsystems - “pedagogical skills”; need to describe the utility.
 Difficulties in attracting students in relevant areas - Parts of producing
industry weak ICT knowledge - Usage of ICT in late production phases;
not in early conceptual phases - Weak support to SMEs’ adoption of
ICT.
 Opportunites
 Some increased interest in production research from financing inst. can
be observed - Smart ICT application gives us possibility to still have
production in Sweden.
 Everybody agree resources limited -> ICT could be part of solution - Put
the end-user in focus - Create a single Nordic market - Nordic
demonstrators - “Nordic view” of health care - Strong confederation in
the area
 EU financing - “24h service sector” - Networked based defence - Niche
as tech lead for SMC, for which “big solutions” are not suitable
 Use infrastructure - Pragmatic R&D climate - Early adopters
 Threats
 Small home market - Financing
 Other countries invest in security Sweden less interesting - “Security as a
need rather than an opportunity” - International competition - Small
home market - US dictates conditions
 No solution to the “division of responsibility”-problem - “Cultural divide”
tech-health - Other run faster –defines standards - Think we are best -
Security and integrity; must be solved - Need to find good business
models - Development of law system
 Risk that SMEs’ are forced to close down; cant’ keep up with the R&D
cycle - No commercialisation can badly influence the research area.
Business plan

love at first sip

BRAND AMBASSADOR

Alicia Vikander is a
Swedish actress, dancer
and producer.