PRESENTATION

ON
LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT

By
S.Sravya-170040765
S.Manisha-170040798
T.Pramada-170040852
 INDEX

 INTRODUCTION
 COMPONENTS

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 APPLICATIONS

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

 CONCLUSION
WHAT IS A ROBOT?
 A robot is a machine
designed to execute one or
more tasks automatically
with speed and precision.
 A robot is an electro-
mechanical machine that is
guided by computer and
electronic programming.
 Robots can be autonomous,
semi-autonomous or
remotely controlled.
LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT
Line following
Robot is a
machine that can
follow a path. The
path can be
visible like a
black line on a
white surface or it
can be invisible
like a magnetic
field.
 COMPONENTS

 Arduino nano
 LN298 Driver

 Ir sensor module

 Battery-9v(2)

 Female to female jumper wires

 Robot chassis(4 wheel)

ARDUINO NANO
 Arduino Nano is a
small, compatible,
flexible and
breadboard friendly
Microcontroller board.
 It comes with exactly
the same functionality
as in Arduino UNO
but quite in small
size.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ARDUINO NANO
AND UNO

 The Arduino Nano board is similar to an Arduino

UNO board including similar microcontroller like
Atmega328p. Thus they can share a similar
program.
 The main difference between these two is the size.
Because Arduino Uno size is double to nano board.
So Uno boards use more space on the system.
 The programming of UNO can be done with a
USB cable whereas Nano uses the mini USB cable.
LN298 DRIVER
 The module can be applied
to:- Drive DC motors. Since
the module uses a dual H-
bridge drive, it can drive two
motors at the same time.
It can also drive two stepping
motors synchronously.
 An H bridge is an electronic
circuit that switches the
polarity of a voltage applied
to a load. These circuits are
often used in robotics and
other applications to allow
DC motors to run forwards or
backwards.
IR SENSOR MODULE
 A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic
sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They are most often used in
PIR-based motion detectors.
 IR Module is sensor circuit which consists IR
LED/photodiode pair, potentiometer, LM358, resistors
and LED. IR sensor transmits Infrared light and
photo diode receives the infrared light.
ROBOT CHASSIS
 Robot chassis is particularly designed
for robots and other mechanical devices. These
accessories handle PCB, components and parts
that are interfaced and connected to it.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING OF LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT
 Line follower robot senses black line by using
sensor and then sends the signal to arduino. Then
arduino drives the motor according to
sensors' output.
 Here in this project we are using two IR sensor
modules namely left sensor and right sensor. When
both left and right sensor senses white then robot
move forward.
 If left sensor comes on black line then robot turn left
side.
 If right sensor sense black line then robot turn right
side until both sensor comes at white surface. When
white surface comes robot starts moving on forward
again.
 If both sensors comes on black line, robot stops.
 APPLICATIONS
 Industrial automated equipment carriers.
 Tour guides in museums and other similar
applications.
 For repetitive tasks which use the same path
things like following one on the floor of a factory
to remove the need for a human operator also
lines of metal placed under lawns can be used as
a guide.
 Swarm robotics is one of the major application

 Deliver the mail within the office building

 Deliver medications in a hospital

 ADVANTAGES

 The robot must be capable of following a line.

 Insensitive to environment factors like noise and
lightning.
 It should be capable of taking various degrees of
turns.
 The color of the line must not be a factor as long
as it is darker than the surroundings.
 DISADVANTAGES

 Line follower robor(LFR) can move on a fixed

track or path.
 It requires power supply.

 Lack of speed control makes the robot unstable

at times.
 Choice of line is made in the hardware
abstraction and cannot be changed by software.
 CONCLUSION
 In this project we designed a line follower robot
using arduino nano.We understood various
advantages applications and limitations of the
line follower robot.
THANK YOU