Principal of management

Lecture by
Sadiqa Abdullah
 Level of strategies
Corporate Level

• It deals with aligning the resource deployments across

a diverse set of business areas, related or unrelated.
• Strategy formulation at this level involves integrating
and managing the diverse businesses and realizing
synergy at the corporate level.
• The top management team is responsible for
formulating the corporate strategy.
• The corporate strategy reflects the path toward
attaining the vision of your organization
 Types of corporate business
• Expansion /growth
• Stability
• Retrenchment
• combination
 Level of strategies
• Business level
• This level strategies are formulated for
specific strategic business units and relate to a
distinct product-market area.
• It involves defining the competitive position of
a strategic business unit.
• The business level strategy focus on customer
need and want.
 Role of business strategy
• Cost leadership
• Differentiation
• Focus business strategy
 Level of strategies
• Functional level:
• Functional level strategies relate to the different
functional areas which a strategic business unit has,
such as marketing, production and operations, finance,
and human resources.
• These strategies are formulated by the functional
heads along with their teams and are aligned with the
business level strategies.
• The strategies at the functional level involve setting up
short-term functional objectives, the attainment of
which will lead to the realization of the business level
strategy.
 Role of functional level srategy
• Marketing
• Finance
• Human resource management
• Information system
• R and D
 Operational planning
• operational plan (also known as a work plan) is an
outline of what your department will focus on for
the near future—usually the upcoming year.
• operational plan lays out how you’ll get there on
a daily to weekly basis.
• The goal of your operational plan isn’t company-
focused—it is department-focused. There can be
overlap between departments, but that’s the
exception rather than the rule. Large
departments may require multiple operational
plans.
 Operational planning

• operational plan is designed for a single

department, its successful implementation will
lead to organization-wide success. For example,
your marketing team has a set of activities they
use to increase visibility. These activities should
translate to more sales opportunities and
ultimately more revenue for the organization
• The budget for your operational plan comes from
your department’s annual budget.
 flow charts/organization charts
• A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow
or process.
• A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic
representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to
solving a task.
• The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds,
and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows.
• This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution
model to a given problem.
• Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting
or managing a process or program in various fields
 Gantt Chart
• A Gantt chart is a graphical depiction of a
project schedule. It's is a type of bar chart that
shows the start and finish dates of several
elements of a project that include resources,
milestones, tasks, and dependencies. Henry
Gantt, an American mechanical engineer,
designed the Gantt chart.
 Gantt charts work
• These charts are useful in
planning a project and
defining the sequence of tasks
that require completion.
• Horizontal bars of different
lengths represent the project
timeline, which can include
task sequences, duration, and
the start and end dates for
each task.
• The Gantt chart aids project
managers in communicating
project status or plans and
also helps ensure the project
remains on track.