Q1 WEEK 6

DAY 1
LESSON OBJECTIVES
• Perform systematic and scientific ways of caring
orchard trees and seedlings such as watering,
cultivating, preparing, and applying organic fertilizer.
• Use different ways of preparing organic fertilizer and
pesticides through internet/library
• Explain the benefits of using organic fertilizer and
locally made pesticides toward sustainable development
• Observe healthy and safety measures in formulating
fertilizer and organic pesticides
• Keep record of growth/progress of seedlings
REVIEW
DIFFERENT TOOLS AND
THEIR USES
HEALTH AND SAFETY
MEASURES IN USING TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT
•One needs to carefully plan an orchard project to
avoid useless and wasteful spending. It is also important
that once an orchard project is started , the proper
care for seedlings and trees are undertaken. There
are tried and tested procedures for taking care of
these plants from cultivating , use of fertilizer, and
watering.
 THIS LESSON WILL PRESENT SYSTEMATIC AND
SCIENTIFIC WAYS OF CARING FOR ORCHARD TREES AND
SEEDLINGS.

Ways of watering plants

1.Natural- This is nature’s way of
providing water for plants through the
rain.
2.Manual- This is with the use of a water
pail and dipper or water sprinkler.
3.Artificial- Water supply is artificially produced from a deep-
well, dams, and river with the help of motors. Under this method
are the following:
A.Surface or furrow irrigation – Water is
distributed to each row so it is applicable only for
row crops with uniform slope.
B.SPRINKLER IRRIGATION- THIS INCLUDE THE LINE ,
ROTATING, AND MICRO SPRINKLERS IN WHICH ARTIFICIAL RAIN
IS GENERATED THROUGH SPECIAL DEVICES THAT WET THE
ENTIRE FIELD.
Artificial
C.Drip or trickle irrigation- A special water
source designed to discharge water close to the plant,
wetting only that area and leaving the rest dry.
D.Sub-irrigation-This type is very high in cost because the
water source is underground
Proper irrigation is very important for each orchard may it
be large or small scale. It has to be done properly for the
seedlings to grow healthy and the trees to start bearing
fruits.
WHAT ARE THE WAYS OF
WATERING PLANTS?
 Proper ways of
cultivating
•Cultivating the land is practiced to help
promote the growth of roots and
improve aeration for fast absorption of
nutrients by the soil.
THERE ARE TWO WAYS:
Off-barring- cultivating the soil in rows.
Hilling -up – cultivating the soil towards the
base of the plant.
• When cultivation is done properly, the growth
of weeds can be controlled. Soil texture will
improve plant growth and distractive
microorganisms found in the soil will eventually
die.
PREPARING AND APPLYING ORGANIC
FERTILIZER
Fertilizer is any substance added to the soil that promotes
the healthy growth of plants.
They are classified into two types:
• Inorganic- artificial fertilizer made from
chemicals ( liquid, soluble, and granular form).
• Organic – natural fertilizer from decayed
matter, animals, and other natural sources.
Fertilizer Advantages Disadvantages
Inorganic  Odorless and handy  Made of chemicals
 Always available in  Hazardous to animals
the market  Expensive
 Fast production  Makes the soil
 Makes the soil
unfertile(dependent
to it)
Organic  Natural  Foul odor
 Easy to produce  It takes time to
 Promote the growth prepare
of beneficial organism
 Adds more nutrients
to the soil
 Very high in
production
 Examples of organic fertilizer
 Humus- comes from decayed matters from plants and animals mixed
with soil.
 Manure – comes from animal waste such as livestock (big animals) and
poultry (chicken) waste.
 Green manure – comes from decayed plants.
 Compost – comes from decomposed biodegradeable waste in a pit.
 Compost pit- composting by digging pit keeping compost underground.
 Basket compost – composting home garbage in container.
 Compost heap – a compost pile.
 Vermi compost – comes from the waste of vermin (earthworm).
 Liquid fertilizer – made from the juice of plants and vermin compost
through the process of concoction (allows the juice to decompose with
red sugar/molasses in a container).
 Preparing organic fertilizers take a long period of time but provides a lot
of help to plants.
 Benefits of using organic fertilizer
 It increases the yield.
 It improves soil condition. Clay soil will turn
porous when organic fertilizer is added.
 It balances the soil pH. Soil pH is the degree of
acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Pulverized
eggshell, oyster shell, bone meal, and any lime
will neutralize the acidity of the soil.
 It helps the development of roots, flowers,
shoots, and fruits.
WAYS TO MAKE AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER
(COMPOST PIT)
• Dig the hole for your compost pit.
• Chop your composting materials finely.
• Add the organic materials to the compost pit.
• Place a board over the hole if you plan to add more
scraps.
• Cover your compost with soil.
• Keep the compost pit wet while it is decomposing.
• Sow plants above the compost after it has decomposed.
PREPARING ORGANIC LIQUID FERTILIZER
Ingredients:
• Chopped fruits and vegetables
• Red sugar/molasses
• Container
• Manila paper
• Masking tape
• Procedure:
• 1.Mix sugar, chopped fruits, and vegetables in a container.
• 2.Squeeze the mixture until all ingredients looks watery.
• 3.Cover the container using manila paper and masking tape.
• 4.Put date of process, wait for ten days to harvest the fertilizer.
• 5.During harvest filter the mixture. Get the juice.
BENEFITS OF USING ORGANIC PESTICIDE
• The use of pesticide may be necessary to protect and prevent plants and trees
from getting damaged due to infestation. Following are some of the advantages
and benefits of using pesticides:
• Insect pest life cycle will be stopped.
• Infestation will be lessened.
• Prevents the spread of plant diseases
• The growth of plant will continue to progress.
• Higher yield is expected.
• The best thing about using organic pesticide is that it is not harmful to humans
and other animals. There is no side effect to health. It can sustain the budget of
growers because it is affordable, the materials are readily available within the
community and it is very easy to prepare.
PREPARING ORGANIC PESTICIDE
Ingredients:
• 1 cup of red chilli
• 1 role of makabuhay (bitter plant)
• Whole garlic
• 1 cup warm water
• Materials needed:
• Apron, face mask, hand gloves
• Knife, chopping board, medium bowl
• Empty glass bottle or spray bottle
• Funnel and piece of clean cloth
• Procedure:
• 1.Chop all ingredients into pieces. Put in a bowl. Squeeze, and then filter using another clean
cloth.
• 2.Add water. Use funnel transfer the solution to the empty or spray bottles.
SAFETY MEASURES IN PREPARING
FERTILIZERS AND ORGANIC PESTICIDE
• Always wear the personal protective equipment such as face mask, hand gloves, apron, working
clothes, and boots.
• Always read the instruction before doing the activity.
• Follow the guide of proper posture while working to avoid straining your back.
• Check the working condition of tools before using them.
• Never leave your work unattended especially when ingredients are about to be mixed.
• Measure all ingredients properly and follow the correct procedures. Do not deviate from the
instructions provided.
• Always focus on the work at hand. Avoid destructions.
• Avoid exposures to pesticides.
• Maintain a clean working place and free from any disturbances.
• Never forget to take a bath and clean thoroughly after working.
 LET’S REMEMBER
• When cultivation is done properly, the growth of
weeds can be controlled. Soil texture will improve
plant growth and distractive microorganisms found
in the soil will eventually die.
• The best thing about using organic pesticide is that
it is not harmful to humans and other animals. There
is no side effect to health. It can sustain the budget
of growers because it is affordable, the materials are
readily available within the community and it is very