Power and politics

Group members
Arshadullah
alamgir khan
Moin khan
Wahab khan
Zahid ali
Types of power

Formal power
 Coercive power
 A power based on fear of negative results.

 Reward power
 Complains achieved based on the ability to distributes rewards that others view as
valuable

 Legitimate power
 The formal authority to control and use recourses based on a person’s
position in the formal hierarchy
Personal power

 Expert power
 Influence based on special skills or knowledge

 Referent power
 Influence based on possession by an individual of desirables
resources or personal traits
Power in organization

 Power is a function of dependence

 Relationship of power and dependency
 Formal power
 Personal power
 Expert power
 Referent power
 Why celebrities are paid million of dollars to endorse products in commercial?
What creates dependence?

 What increase dependence?

 Importance
 If no body wants what you have, its not going to create dependency.
 Marketing departments are rated more powerful.

 Scarcity
 Low supply
 Why organization wants more suppliers?
 English instructor vs CA
 Non-substitutibility
Definition of organizational politics

 The use of power to affect the decision making process of the organization

 Political behavior – these are the activities that are not required as a part of
an individual formal role

 Varied political behavior are withholding key information key information

from decision making, leaking confidential information, whistleblowing etc.
The reality of politics

 The political behavior is a major part of organizational life

 Many expert manager showed that politics is the ethical and necessary part

Is it possible for an organization to be politics free?

 the organization politics are come due to limited resources
 If the resources were abundant then all individual could satisfy their goals
Consequences of political behavior

 In some organization politicking is rampant

 In some it plat a small role
 Research and observation have identified number of factors
 Two factor individual factor and organizational factor
 Increase political behavior and provide favorable outcomes for both
Individual factor

 Researcher have identified certain personality trait, need, and other factors
that are related to political behavior

 High self-monitors
 Internal locus of control
 Personality
 Organizational investment
 Job alternative
 Expectation of sucess
Organizational factor

 Organizational factor is more function than individual

 Resources
 Opportunities
 Low cost
 Role of ambiguity
 Unclear performance
 Zero-sum reward practice
 Democratic decision making
 Pressure
Relationship Of power with OB

• Bases of Power
1. Coercion
2. Expertise
3. Reward
4. Legitimacy
5. Referent power
6. Information
Relation Of Politics With OB

 Different lobbies

 Grouping ( informal groups and labor union )

 Govt political parties involvement