STE3302

COMMERCE TEACHING METHODS

Rosnani Jusoh
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
AND LEARNING

Rosnani Jusoh
WHY ARE YOU HERE?

WHY
ARE
YOU
HERE

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 TEACHERS’ MOTIVATION FOR GROWING AS PROFESSIONALS

To improve student
achievement 73%
To improve teaching 55%
skills
To increase knowledge 34%
To meet people who share
professional interest
9%
To advance career
7%
To maintain professional
certification
5%

To earn more money 5%

Other
7%

0 20 40 60 80
Rosnani Jusoh

Greenberg Research, Inc. U.S, 1998

Relationship-Driven Teaching
Supported by
2 Underlying Principles

Seeking first Managing the

to understand learning context

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 Relationship-Driven Teaching

Based on
6 Standard

Safe Valuable Successful Invloving Caring Enabling

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 Teaching Framework
4 Main Domains:
1. Planning and preparation
2. Classroom environment
3. Teaching and learning
4. Professional responsibilities

(Charlotte Danielson (1996). Enhancing Professional

Practice: A Framework for Teaching)
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 DOMAIN 1:
PLANNING AND PREPARATION
The important component of planning and
preparation in teaching.
Teachers need to:

K1a: Show knowledge about subject matter and

pedagogy.
 Knowledge about subject matter
 Knowledge on important
association between topics and concepts
 Knowledge on the appropriate and latest pedagogy
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K1b : Show knowledge about students’
background.

 Knowledge on the students’ characteristics based

on age groups.
 Knowledge about the difference in students’
learning styles.
 Knowledge on students’ skills and knowledge.
 Knowledge about students’ interest and cultural
heritage.

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K1c : Choose the teaching objectives

 Values of the teaching objectives

 Clarity of the teaching objectives
 The appropriateness for students in different
learning needs
 Balance in various types of learning and
solidarity within and across subjects.

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K1d: Show knowledge about the
teaching and learning resources.

 Teaching resources
 Learning resources

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K1e: Design the procedure of teaching and
learning in integrated manner
 The relevance of the learning activities and their
development.
 Teaching and learning materials that support the
teaching objectives and students’ engagement .
 The use of groups approach according to the
teaching objectives and students’ needs.
 The clarity of the learning structure and time
management according to the teaching and
learning activities.

Rosnani Jusoh
 DOMAIN 2:
CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT
The important components on the
classroom environment.

Teachers need to:

K2a : Promote a respectful and good

relationship environment
 Teacher-student interaction
 Student-student interaction

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K2b : Manage the learning culture.

 The importance of the subject content

 Students’ are proud of their works and
effort
 Expectation towards learning and
achievement.

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K2c: Manage the classroom procedures

 Learning groups management

 Transition time management
 Teaching and learning materials
management
 Non-teaching tasks
 Support staffs involvement

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K2d: Manage the students’ behaviour

 Expectation of students’ standard of

behaviour
 Observation of students’ behaviour

 Response to the non-appropriate

behaviour

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K2e: Manage the physical space

 The safety of the furniture

arrangement
 Ease in learning and the use of the
physical resources

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 DOMAIN 3: TEACHING
The important components in teaching and
learning process.

Teachers need to:

K3a: Communicate clearly and precisely.

 Clarity of instruction and procedures.
 The correct and clear use of oral and written
language, suitable with the students’ level.

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K3b: Use the questioning and discussion
techniques.

 The quality of the questions

 Discussion technique and students
interaction’s pattern
 Students involvement’s pattern

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K3c: Show flexibility and responsiveness

 Lesson adjustments
 Responsive to students’ questions and
interests.
 Continuous efforts to help students’
learning with various needs.

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 DOMAIN 4:
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
Teachers need to:

K4a: Make reflection on their teaching

Continuous evaluation for the teaching

effectiveness and competency
Suggestion to improve the teaching and
learning in the future.

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K4b: Interact with students’ parents

Information regarding curricular and co-

curricular programs
Information regarding each of the
student’s achievement
Parents involvement in school program.

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K4c: Contribute to the school and district

 Supports and collaboration with colleagues

 Involvement in school activities
 Involvement in school and district’s projects.

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K4d: Improve the professional level

 Improving the subject matter knowledge and

pedagogy skills
 Service to the teaching profession

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K4e: Show the professionalism

Services to the students in need

Supports in the improvement of the
“abandoned” students and questioning
the “negative perception” towards
students.

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“Teaching is a humanistic endeavour, not an
exact science.”
Elements of :
 planning
 spontaneity
 creativity/artistry
 flexibility
Teaching is linear in term of planning but is
non-linear in terms of real classroom
implementation
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 Cognitive Learning Based on
Empirical Studies
2. Learning relates new
information with the prior
knowledge
1. Learning is an
information- 3.Learning
oriented. involves with
WHAT IS information
LEARNING? management
6. Learning
affected by the
growth/
development
5. Learning happens by
4. Learning is a process to
phases but non-linear
gain cognitive and meta-
cognitive structures.

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 SOME OF THE LEARNING PRINCIPLES

 Students need to be ready to learn (Readiness to Learn)

 Students need to understand the purposes to learn (Motivation)
 The appropriate level of difficulty of the subject content (The
subject content is easy enough to be understand and hard enough
to challenge/ stimulate students)
 Learning cannot be represented (Learning has to be done through
the learning activities by the students themselves and not by the
teachers or others)
 Learning environment– school environment, classroom, educational
resources, loving teachers– appropriate and sufficient (A conducive
learning environment)
 Teacher acts as an enabler, motivator, supporter, and facilitator to
the students (Continuous emotional and intellectual supports)

Rosnani Jusoh