10 LARGEST

COUNTRIES IN THE
WORLD BY AREA
 INDIA
Capital: New Delhi
Official Name: The Republic Of India
India's flag is a horizontal
tricolor in equal proportion of
deep saffron (orange) on the
top, white in the middle and
dark green at the bottom.

Designed by Sri Pingali Venkaia.

 INDIA
Saffron represents, stands for
courage and sacrifice.

White represents, peace, unity

and truth.
Green stands for faith and
fertility.

In the center of the white band is a blue wheel with 24 spokes. This
is the Dharma Chakra. The Chakra represents the continuing
progress of the nation and the importance of justice in life.
 POPULATION OF INDIA

India is the second most

populous country with
population of 1,352,030,000.
CURRENCY OF INDIA
The Indian currency is called the (₹) Indian Rupee (INR) and
the coins are called paise.

1 Indian Rupee = 0.72 Philippine Peso

 ECONOMY OF INDIA
It is the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the
third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).

From 2014 to 2019, India's economy was the world's fastest

growing major economy, surpassing China.

In 2018, India was the world's tenth-largest importer and the

nineteenth-largest exporter.
Contributions:
 Religion  Science
• Hinduism • Theory of Atom
• Buddhism • Heliocentric
• Sikhism Theory
• Jainism

 Mathematics
• The Idea of Zero
• The Decimal
System
Religion
 Religion is an important part of life
Religion plays a central and definitive
role in the life of the country and most of
its people.

Beliefs influence human

behavior because every
religion is different, so their
beliefs are different.
• India is considered the birthplace of
some of the world's major religions
HINDUISM
JAINISM
BUDDHISM
SIKHISM
ISLAM
CHRISTIANITY
Indian population religion wise
2017-18 list
Hindu 74.33%
Muslim 14.20%
Christian 5.84%
Sikh 1,86%
Buddhist 0.82%
Jain 0.48%
HINDUISM
• Hindus believe their religion has no
identifiable beginning or end, and
refer to it as Sanatana Dharma or the
Eternal Way.
• AUM is a sacred sound and a spiritual
symbol in hinduism that signifies the
essence of ultimate reality,
consciousness, or atman.
 The TRINITY
Generates - Brahma
Observes - Vishnu
Destroys – Shiva

3 MAIN CONCEPTS IN
HINDUISM
• Dharma
• Karma
• Reincarnation
 3 Kinds of Karma
• Sanchita Karma: accumulated past
actions

• Prarabdha Karma: present actions

• Agami Karma / Kriyama Karma: future

actions
 Reincarnation
A major tenet of Hinduism, is when the soul,
which is seen as eternal and part of a
spiritual realm, returns to the physical realm
in a new body.

The continuous cycle of

reincarnation is called
samsara
 Durga Devi

is a powerful,
even frightening
goddess who fights
fiercely in order to
restore dharma (mora
l order).
 Saraswati

is the wife of
Brahma the Creator
and is worshipped as
the goddess of
learning, wisdom,
speech, and music.
 Lakshmi

is the wife of
Shiva and goddess of
good fortune, wealth,
and well-being.
 Parvati

She is the Wife of

Shiva and
the Hindu goddess of
fertility, love and
devotion; as well as of
divine strength and
power.
Ganapati / Ganesha
he is Shiva’s first
son and is known to
be the Remover of
Obstacles
 Yama

The god of
Death, Karma and
the corresponding
punishment of the
actions that human
deserves in the
underworld.
Dyaus, god of the Sky Prithvi, mother earth
and carrier of all
beings
 Indra, king of Surya, god of the
heaven and lord of sun
the gods
Agni, god of fire Vayu deva, god of
the winds
JAINISM
• Jainism was born in India about the
same period as Buddhism.
• It was established by Mahavira in
about 500 BC.
• He was called “Jina”
(conqueror/victor), meaning
someone who has achieved the
highest spiritual liberation.
• The followers are called “Jains”
THE CARDINAL PRINCIPLES
• Ahimsa (non-violence)

• Satya (truth)

• Aparigraha (non-possessiveness)

• Achaurya or Asteya (Non-stealing)

• Brahmacharya (Celibacy / Chastity)

SIKHISM
 What is Sikhism?
• Sikhism was founded by Guru
Nanak Dev Ji in India’s north-
western Punjab region about
400 years ago.

• Punjab is the spiritual

home of Sikhs and is
the only state in India
where Sikhs form a
majority.
• Sikhism recognises all humans as
equal before Waheguru, regardless
of colour, caste or lineage.

• It also strongly rejects the beliefs of

fasting, superstition, idol worship and
circumcision.

• To live a good life a person should

do good deeds as well as
meditating on God
• Sikhs believe that God is inside every
person, no matter how wicked they
appear, and so everyone is capable
of change.

• A Sikh serves God by serving other

people every day. By devoting their
lives to service they get rid of their own
ego and pride.
BUDDHISM
What is Buddhism?
• Buddhism, also know
in ancient India as
Buddha Dharma.
• There are over 330
million Buddhist in the
world.
• It is founded by
Siddhartha Gautama.
 Prince Gautama (Buddha)
• Siddhartha (which means “he who achieves
his aims) Gautama is later known as the
Buddha, or “enlightened one”.
• He was born in 563 BC in Kapilabastu

Father: Suddhodhana
Mother: Mahamaya
Wife: Yasodhara
Son: Rahul.
Main Goal is to reach nirvana (state of oneness
with the universe)

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

1. A life if full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
2. The cause of suffering is want.
3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome
want.
4. The way to overcome want is to follow the
Eightfold Path.
 Nirvana
A place of perfect peace and
happiness, like heaven. In Hinduism and
Buddhism, nirvana is the highest state
that someone can attain, a state of
enlightenment, meaning a person’s
individual desires and sufferings go
away.
 Eightfold Path
In brief, these are the laws of the Eightfold Path:
1. To have a right understanding
2. To have right thoughts
3. To use right speech
4. To do right actions
5. To deal with right livelihood
6. To give a right effort
7. To have a right mindfulness
8. To use the right meditation
ISLAM
 The followers are known as Muslims
The word for God in Arabic is “Allah,”
• The holy book of the
Muslims is the Quran

• They believe and

follow the teachings
of Prophet • Some of the major
Muhammad Islamic festivals
celebrated in India
are Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-
Zuha and
Muharram.
• Islam arrives in India as early as the 7th
century CE.

• A central idea in Islam is “jihad,” which

means “struggle.” While the term has
been used negatively in mainstream
culture, Muslims believe it refers to
internal and external efforts to defend
their faith.
 Sunni and Shia
• When Muhammad died, there was
debate over who should replace him
as leader. This led to a schism in Islam,
and two major sects emerged: the
Sunnis and the Shia.
 5 Pillars in Islam:
• Shahādah: the testimony of the unity of
God and the prophet hood of
Muhammad
• Ṣalāt : Canonical Prayer
• Zakāt: Alms
• Sawm: The Fast of Ramadan
• Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca
CHRISTIANITY
• Christianity arrived in • Apostle Thomas
India in 52 CE through
built seven
the Apostle Thomas.
churches in
Kondungallur and
evangelized in
present day Kerala
and Tamil Nadu.
• The Christians worship and believe in
Jesus Christ, whom they consider as the
saviour of humanity and the son of God.

• It was spread in Kerala (S), Mizoram,

Nagaland (NE).

• It is widely recognized for its

humanitarian influence due to the work
of people like Mother Theresa.