INTRODUCTION

 Environmental biotechnology is the

application of biotechnology for solving
environmental problems .
 The most important topics at the threshold
of the 21st century are the environment
and biotechnology .
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

 The term “environmental biotechnology is

not a new one the most familiar examples
of environmental biotechnology are
waste water treatment and composting .
 The first episode of chemical pollution
came into light in 1962 when the
deleterious effect of
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
residues was observed on bird population.
 Due to raising health concerns in the world,
two conferences that is United Nation
Conference of Human Environment ,and
Earth Summit and Rio De Janerio in 1972and
1992, respectively .
 A list of 126 priority pollutants has been
prepared by United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) and European
community.
KEY POINTS
 To detect the pollution and any other environmental
changes by means of biosensors and bio monitoring.

 To prevent the unfavorable environmental changes in

the manufacturing process by substitution of traditional
processes.
 To control and remediate the emission of pollutants into
the environment.

 By considering all these issues, biotechnology may be

regarded as a driving force for integrated environmental
protection by environmental bioremediation, waste
minimization, environmental bio monitoring, bio
maintenance.
ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY DEALS
WITH
 Decontamination of environmental
components.
 Production of chemical biosensors.
 Pollution prevention .
 Waste minimization
ENVIRONMENTAL
DECONTAMINATION
 Environmental decontamination refers to
the process by which environmental
contamination is reduced to a level that is
not harmful to health. Decontamination
of the environment can be achieved
through:
 Cleaning;
 Disinfection;
 A combination of the two.
EFFECTIVE
DECONTAMINATION
CHEMICAL BIOSENSORS
PRODUCTION
A chemical biosensor is a sensor that
produces an electrical signal proportional
to the concentration of biochemical
analytes.
Pollution Prevention
 Pollution prevention (P2) is a strategy for reducing
the amount of waste created and released into the
environment, particularly by industrial facilities,
agriculture, or consumers.
 Many large corporations view P2 as a method of
improving the efficiency and profitability of
production processes by waste reduction and
technology advancements.

 Legislative bodies have enacted P2 measures, such

as the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 and the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the United
States Congress.
WASTE MINIMIZATION
 Waste minimization is a set of processes
and practices intended to reduce the
amount of waste product.
 By reducing or eliminating the generation
of harmful and persistent wastes, waste
minimisation supports efforts to promote a
more sustainable society.
 Waste minimisation involves redesigning
products and processes and/or changing
societal patterns of consumption and
production.[2]
ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY INCLUDES
 BIOREMEDIATION
 BIOSENSORS
 BIOINDICATORS
 BIOMAKERS
 BIOENERGY
 BIOTRANSFORMATION
BIOREMEDIATION
 Bioremediation is a process that uses
mainly microorganisms, plants, or
microbial or plant enzymes to detoxify
contaminants in the soil and other
environments.
 BIOSENSORS

 Biosensorsare devices used to detect the

presence or concentration of a biological
analyte, such as a biomolecule, a
biological structure or a microorganism.
Biosensors consist of three parts: a
component that recognizes the analyte
and produces a signal, a signal
transducer, and a reader device.
BIOINDICATORS
BIOENERGY
BIOMAKERS
BIOTRANSFORMATION
 Advanced Techniques
 Advanced techniques are available to
treat waste and degrade pollutants
assisted by living organisms .
 Improved treatments for solid waste and
waste water.
 Ensuring the health of the environment
through biomonitoring.
 Energy from biomass.
 Cleaning up contamination and
phytoremediation.
 Genetic engineering for environmental
protection and control.
National issues
 Solid wastes: Incineration and landfilling
activities are responsible for waste disposal
 Nitrogen deposition: Last few years it
increased due to deforestation ,fossil fuel
burning ,fertilizers use.
 Soil erosion :This is due to deforestation
,overuse of vegetation ,industrial activities.
 Land degradation: It includes weed
invasion, acidification, compaction
depletion of fertility.
Benefits of Environmental
Biotechnology: