STATISTIC

Mean
In this chapter we will be discussing the three fundamental
measures of central tendency. Measure of Central Tendency is a
value that describes to which a set of data be likely to fall. The three
measure of central tendency of a data are the Mean, Median, Mode.
In this part, let us talk about the Mean first. Mean is the average of
all the elements of a set of data and is denoted by the symbol of .
It is simply the value equal to the sum of all the values in a data (
x) divided by the total number of the elements in a given data (N).
 The formula given above is applicable only for ungrouped data.
Ungrouped data are set of values not grouped per class interval
while grouped data is a summary of values grouped into numbers of
class intervals in which frequency of values that fall per given class
interval is counted. In getting the mean for grouped data, the given
table must be completed:

Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) ( f)

 f = N =   fx = 
 After completing the table shown, the given formula can now
be used to calculate for the mean of grouped data, commonly called
as the “weighted mean”.
Example # 1:
Find the mean of all grades of James in his Engineering course if
his grades are as follow:

Mathematical Analysis 90
World Literature 78
Discrete Math 92
Calculus-based Physics 89
Engineering Economy 96

n 1 2 3 4 5 x
x 90 + 78 + 92 + 89 + 96 = 445

x 445
 =  =  = 89
N 5
Example # 2:
The results of scores in mathematics test during the teacher’s board
exam recently are summarized by the table below. Find the mean of
the score of all examines.

Class Interval Class Frequency (f)

10 – 20 5
21 – 31 10
32 – 42 11
43 – 53 7
54 – 64 23
65 – 75 56
76 – 86 6
87 – 97 8
98 – 108 4
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx
10 – 20 5 15 75
21 – 31 10 26 260
32 – 42 11 37 407
43 – 53 7 48 336
54 – 64 23 59 1,357
65 – 75 56 70 3,920
76 – 86 6 81 486
87 – 97 8 92 736
98 – 108 4 103 4,120

 f = N = 130  fx = 11,697

 fx
11,697
 =  =  = 89.98
N 130
Example # 3:
The data shown are the scores of 30 students in Statistic exam.
Find the mean score of the 30 students if 9 class interval shall be
used in grouping the data.

47 65 81 65 68 55
56 69 61 75 71 67
61 87 50 74 49 66
49 89 77 75 79 85
68 90 57 63 54 90
Solution:
Step # 1: Determine the Range (R).
R = 90 – 47 = 43

Step # 2: Determine the desired number of Class Interval (CI).

The problem requires 9 class intervals

Step # 3: Determine the Class Size (i)

i = 43  9 = 4.78 = 5

Step # 4: Construct and fill up the FDT

Step #5: Make the class intervals. Start with the lowest score until
the highest score is reached.
NOTE:
47 is the lowest value from the data

Class Size (i) = 5

Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx
47 – 51
52 – 56
57 – 61
62 – 66
67 – 71
72 – 76
77 – 81
82 – 86
87 – 91

Step # 6: Determine the Class Boundary. (Disregard this step since class
boundary is not yet significant in solving for the mean of grouped
data)
 Step # 7: Determine the Class Frequency (f).
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx
47 – 51 4
52 – 56 3
57 – 61 3
62 – 66 4
67 – 71 5
72 – 76 3
77 – 81 3
82 – 86 1
87 – 91 4

 f = N = 30  fx = 
 Step # 8: Determine the Class Mark (x).
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx
47 – 51 4 49
52 – 56 3 54
57 – 61 3 59
62 – 66 4 64
67 – 71 5 69
72 – 76 3 74
77 – 81 3 79
82 – 86 1 84
87 – 91 4 89

 f = N = 30  fx = 
Step # 9: Determine the value of fx per class interval.
Class Interval Class Frequency (f) Class Mark (x) fx
47 – 51 4 49 196
52 – 56 3 54 162
57 – 61 3 59 177
62 – 66 4 64 256
67 – 71 5 69 345
72 – 76 3 74 222
77 – 81 3 79 237
82 – 86 1 84 84
87 – 91 4 89 356

 f = N = 30  fx = 2,035

 fx 2,035
 =  =  = 67.83
N 30
 Median
Another important measure of central tendency is the Median.
It is usually denoted by . By definition, media is the value at the
middle when all the elements in a set of data are arranged in ascending
order. If the number of elements in a given set of data is odd, then there
is exactly 1 element in the middle when the data arrayed in ascending
order. However, if there are even number of elements in a set of data,
there will be two elements to be considered in the middle and so
median for a set of data with even number of elements is equal to the
average of the two middle elements.
Example # 1:
What is the median of the measured height of all the athletes of the
YMA University given below:

181 211 195 189 200 206 195 188 189

Solution:
Step # 1: Identify the location of the median elements using the
given formula.
n+1
M = 
2
 Where n = the total number of elements in a set of data

9+1
M =  = 5
2

Therefore, the 5th element is the median element of the given data.

Step # 2: Arrange the data in ascending order.

181 188 189 189 195 195 200 206 211

Step # 3: Take the 5th element in the arrayed data as the median.

 = 195