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GROUP MEMBERS

Adeela Munawar (37797)

Nayab Safdar (37823)
Anita Umer (37804)
Iqra Hafeez (37812)

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MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER

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 MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER
 First case of MPD was reported in 1811 for “Mary
Reynolds” and was documented by physician “Samul
Mitchel”
 Also known as “Dissociative Identity Disorder” (DID)
 In 1994, “Multiple Personality Disorder” was renamed
to “Dissociative Identity Disorder”
 The World Health Organization still uses the name
Multiple Personality Disorder,most books and
research now use the new name DID
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DEFINATION
“ It’s a mental condition in which individual have
two or more distinct identities or personalities, each
personality have its own pattern of perceiving and
interacting with the environment”

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 PREVALANCE
 Affecting around 1% to 3% of total population
 MPD begins in childhood, between the ages of two and
eight
 97-98% of MPD’s reported those either physically and
sexually abused in early childhood
 2% of MPD’s report in those have experienced a trauma in
early childhood, like violent death of another person,
torture or neglected
5 time women are more affected than men because they
are more often abused, however it affect both gender
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 CAUSES
 Themain cause of MPD is repeated physical, emotional,
sexual, mental abuse beginning in early childhood
 The trauma in one’s past can be an important factor in
triggering this problem

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CAUSES
 Environmentalfactors include living
through a war, natural disasters like
famines and earthquakes, torture,
kidnapping or invasive medical
procedures
 Absence of safe and nurturing
resources to overwhelming abuse or
trauma

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 ALTERS
 The different personalities that occur are called
“ALTERS”
 Alters may have experienced a distinct personal
history, self image and identity, including a separate
name, as well as age
 At least two of these personalities recurrently take
control of the person’s behavior
 Some alters may speak in foreign languages or with an
accent
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 ALTERS
 Identities can resemble the main personality or they
may be a different age, sex, race, or religion
 Each personality can have its own posture, set of
gestures, and hairstyle, as well as a distinct way of
dressing

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SYMPTOMS

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 SYMPTOM
 The individual experiences two or more distinct
identities or personality states
 The disruption in identity involves a change in
sense of self, changes in behavior, memory, and
perception
 Inability
to remember large parts of
childhood
 Suicide attempts or self-injury
 Differences in handwriting from time to
time
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 SYMPTOM
 Sometimes new identity are not human, but are
animals or imaginary creatures
 Frequent bouts of memory loss or "lost time"
 Sudden return of memories as in a flashback
 Sleep problems like insomnia, sleepwalking and
nightmares
 Hallucinations
 Social isolation

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 REASON
 In this disorder individuals do not know how to deal
with their traumatic past and use dissociation as a
coping mechanism
 Disassociation act as a defense mechanism that protects
the child from thinking and feeling the past history and
remain in fantasy

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 REASON
 When an intense traumatic experience occurs, it
affect brain chemistry ultimately affects memory
 The brain's neurochemicals released in such large
amounts that influence the area of the brain
responsible for memory
 Depending on their individual brain chemistry, some
human beings may be better able to disassociate
than others

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 TYPES OF MPD
 Dissociative Amnesia
 Dissociative Fugue
 Depersonalization Disorder
 Identity Confusion

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 DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
 When a person blocks out certain information, usually
associated with a stressful or traumatic event
 This include loss of memory for along period time

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 DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE
 The person temporarily loses his/her personal identity
 People with dissociative fugue often become confused
about who they are and may even create new
identities
 People with this disorder show no signs of illness such
as a strange appearance or behavior

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 DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER
 Thisdisorder involves a person’s sense of being
disconnected or detached from his or her body
 Thedisorder is sometimes described as being numb
or in a dream, or feeling like you are watching
yourself from outside your body

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 IDENTITY CONFUSION
 Feeling uncertain about who you are
 Youmay feel as if there is a struggle within to define
yourself

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 DIAGNOSIS
 Most people with multiple personality
disorder are diagnosed between the ages
of 20 and 40
 It can also be diagnosed by switching
between two or more personality state
i-e alters
 Frequent dissociative boundaries between
the alter

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TREATMENT
The most common treatment for MPD include
 Therapies
Psychotherapy
Family therapy
Cognitive therapy
 Medication
 Hypnosis
The treatment of MPD lasts an average of four years
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TREATMENT
Family therapy
 Toeducate the family about MPD and its causes, to
understand the changes that can take place as the
personality is being reintegrated, as well as educate
family how to cooperate and treat the individual
Cognitive therapy
 Thistype of therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional
thinking patterns

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TREATMENT
Psychotherapy
 Psychotherapy is the main treatment for dissociative
disorders or MPD
 Using the psychological method, with the goal of
deconstructing the different personalities and uniting
them into one
 It is long term usually twice a week

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TREATMENT
Medication
 The mostly prescribe medication is tranquilizer or
antidepressant drug because their alter personality
may have anxiety or mood disorder

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TREATMENT
Hypnosis
 Hypnosisis a state of human consciousness involving
focused attention and reduce peripheral awareness and
enhanced capacity for response to suggestion
 Under hypnosis, the multiple personalities slowly reveal
themselves and since persons in this state are highly
receptive, the personalities can be integrated to form
one single personality

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