INTERNET

Shikha Singh
WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK
• A Computer network is a group of computers,and peripheral devices
connected through a data communication system.
• A Computer network sharing of hardware and software resources amoung
different users working on different computer.
• These shared resources can be data files, any application software and
hardware devices such as printers, modems etc.
Computer Network Components
• SERVER:- A server is a powerful computer or a series of computers with high
speed and great processing capability.
• CLIENT:- A client is a computer system, which uses a network to access a remote
service from the server. A Client is known as node.
• Network Interface card:-It is a small piece of computer hardware( LAN Card),which
facilities communication between diffrent computers over a network.
• MODE OF CONNECTION:-All nodes in a network are connected through hardware
components ie.NICs,bridges,hubs switchs,routers and devices ie optical
fiber,ethernet,wireless lan
• Modem:-modem stands for modulator and demodulator.it is an electronic device
that allows a computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines.
Types of computer Networks
• Local Area Network(LAN):-Two or more computers are connected in a
room or small area
• Metropolitan Area Network (Man):Two or more LAN are connected in a
city(maximum range :-50 km)
• Wide Area Network(Wan):Two or more Computer are connected in a
country linked by telecommunication or satellite.
• Personal Area Network(Pan):Computer Network is mainly created for an
individual person.it consists of desktop/laptop,mobile phone and devices like
printer,projector,keyboard,mouse etc.
INTERNET

• Internet is a global system of inter-connected computer

networks that enable the users to share information and
various resources with each other.
USES OF INTERNET

• Education
• Email
• Business
• E-Commerce
• Media and Entertainment
• Social Networking
• Forum(online discussion site)
• Health and Fitness
History Network
• In 1957,USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) launched Sputnik the first artificial
satellite.
• US department of defence establised the Advance Research Project Agency.
• In 1969,APRA Designed a network of four computer to exchange and share the data.
The First official Network Nodes Were UCLA(University of california,Los
Angeles),SRI(Stanford Research Institute), UCSB(University of california,Santa Barbara)and
University Of Utah. This natwork was called ARPANET( Advance Research Project Agency
Network)
• In 1974,TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)/IP( Internet Protocol) Technology Developed.
• In 1982 TCP/IP technology used connected set of networks.
• IN 1991, Tim Berners-Lee developed the WWW(world Wide Web)
• In India, Internet Services Started on 15 Aug 1995 through a Government owened company
VSNL(Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited)
TECHNIQUES TO CONNECT WITH INTENET

• ISP(Internet Service Providers) Such As BSNL,AIRTEL MTNL etc.we can connect computer to the
internet using device modem
• MODEM-Modem syands Modulator demodulator the signals. Speed of modem bps(bits per second)
• There are two modes of connecting a computer to the internet
• Wired Broadband
• Dial up Connection
• cable
• Digital subscriber line
• Fiber optic cable
• Wireless Broadband
• Wi-Fi
• Satellite
• WiMax(World interoperability for microwave Access)
www(world wide web)

• www is a set of programs,standards and protocals which

governs the manner of creating and displaying the
multimedia files on the internet. such files may contains a
combination of text, images audio,video and hyperlink.
HTTP(Hyper text transfer Protocol)

• HTTP determines how different programs exchange data

over the internet.
• HTTP is the standard protocal used by World Wide Web.It
defines how messages are formatted and transmitted,
and what actions web servers and browsers should take
in respone to various commands.
Web Browser
• web browser is a software,which is used to view
websites.it is an interface between a user and the world
wide web.
• EX-Mirosoft Internet Explorer,Google Chrome,Mozilla
Firefox,Opera, Apple Safari.
• Search engine:-search engine is an application that
helps a user in finding information or document from the
ocean of knowledge i.e.-internet.
• EX-
Google,Bing,Yahoo,Ask.com,AOL.com,Baidu,Wolframalp
ha,DuckDuckGo,Internet Archive,Yandex.ru
Web Terminology

• Html:-Html stands Hyper Text Markup Language.this

language is used to create web pages.
• Web Page:-It is a digital page which may contain
text,hyperlink,videos,audios,images etc.each web page is
identified by a unique web address called Uniform
Resours Locator.
• Website:-A website is a collection of related web pages
containg images,videos.
• home page:-First Page of webside.
Web Terminology

• IP Address:-IP Address Consists of a unique set of

numbers provided to each computer by IETF(Internet
Engineering Task Force).
• ex:- 205.198.0.1
• Domain Naming System(DNS):-Domain Name is a
unique name given to each website.Domain name
consists of two parts:-domin name and extension.
ENTITY DOMAIN
.COM,.CO COMMERCIAL
.INT INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
.GOV GOVERNMENTAL
.NET NETWORK
.ORG ORGANISATION
.EDU EDUCATION
.INFO INFORMATION
.BIZ BUSINESS
.IN INDIA
.MIL U.S.MILITARY
.ASIA ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
.MOBI MOBILE DEVICES
.AERO AIR-TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR(URL)

• URL denotes the globle address of the web documents

and the web resource.
• ex:-http://www.google.com