内部文件，注意保密

YUE JIN车桥简介与故障分析处理
Brief introduction to Yuejin axles and fault
analysis and remedies
 内部文件，注意保密

目录 Table of Contents
一、车桥概述
I. Axle overview
二、前后桥结构简介
II. Brief introduction to front and rear axle
三、前后桥装配调整
Front and Rear axle assembling adjustment
四、车桥检查维护
Axle assembling inspection maintenance
五、车桥故障原因分析、判断处理
Axle fault cause analysis and remedies
1
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一、车桥概述 Axle overview

车桥分类
Axle category 非独立悬挂桥
Non-independent
根据悬架结构的不同 suspension axle
According to
difference of 独立悬挂桥
suspension structure Independent
suspension axle

驱动桥
根据车桥能否传递驱动力 Drive axle
According to whether
the axle can transfer 从动桥
driving force Driven axle

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转向桥
根据左、右车轮能否转向 Steering axle
According to whether the left, 非转向桥
right wheel can steer Non-steering
axle

IVECO 4x4前驱动桥既是转向桥也是驱动桥
IVECO 4x4 front drive axle is the steering axle and also the drive axle

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二、车桥结构简介 Brief introduction to front and rear axle

（一）前桥结构简介 Brief introduction to front axle

前桥也称为转向桥，是利用转向节使车轮可以偏转一定角度以实现汽车的转向。它
除承受垂直载荷外，还承受纵向力和侧向力以及这些力造成的力矩。
Front axle is also known as steering axle， which uses steering knuckle to make the
wheel deflect certain angle to realize vehicle steering. It bears the longitudinal force and
lateral force and the torque caused by theses forces in addition to bearing the vertical
loads.
前桥（非驱动转向桥）由前轴、制动器、制动鼓、轮毂、转向节、主销等组成。前
轴系工字型锻件，两端和转向节用主销形成铰链连接，转向节围绕主销转动，前轴两端面
下部装有止推轴承。Front axle (non-drive steering axle) is composed of the front axle,
brake, brake drum, hub, steering knuckle, kingpin, and etc. The front axle is an I-shaped
forging, the two ends and the steering knuckle are jointed by hinge formed by kingpin,
the steering knuckle rotates around the kingpin, and thrust bearing is installed below two
end faces of the front axle. 4
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1、液压制动前桥总成分解图和零件目录
Exploded view of hydraulic brake front axle assembly

5
 零件目录 Contents of axle assembly parts
内部文件，注意保密

序号 序号 数量
名称 Description 件号 Part No. 数量 Qty 名称Description 件号Part No.
S/No. S/No. Qty
1 前轮毂盖 Front hub cover 130-3103091 2 直通滑脂嘴(B型) Straight-through
21 Q700B01 4
grease nozzle (type B)
2 转向节螺母 Steering knuckle nut 130-3001124 2 转向节销锁栓Steering knuckle pin lock
22 131-3001033 2
3 开口销 Cotter pin Q5005045 2 bolt
转向节螺母锁紧垫圈 Steering knuckle 23 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer Q40312F6 2
4 130-3001128 2
nut locking washer
24 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B12 2
车轮螺母总成（左）Wheel nut
5 24KG1-04060 6
assembly (left) 25 前轴 Front axle 131-3001011K 1
6 前车轮螺栓（左）Front wheel bolt (left) 30KG1-03053B 6 26 转向横拉杆总成 Tie-rod assembly 3003Q38-020-H 1
7 轮毂内螺母(左）Hub inner nut (left) 24KG1-04059 6 27 槽型螺母 Slotted nut 131-3001012 3
8 前制动鼓 Front brake drum 30B1-01031D 2 28 半圆键Woodruff key Q5500522 3
9 外轴承 Outer bearing 32306-2 2
29 转向直拉杆臂 Steering drag link arm 131-3001085K 1
10 前轮毂 Front hub 131R-3103015B 2
30 左转向节臂 Left steering knuckle arm 131-3001082 1
11 内轴承 Inner bearing 32309-2 2
前轮毂油封带罩盖总成 Front hub oil seal 31 右转向节臂 Right steering knuckle arm 131-3001081 1
12 130-3103070 2
with cover assembly 左转向节带衬套总成 Left steering
32 30TQ01-020B 1
前制动器总成（左）Front brake knuckle with bushing assembly
13 N3501K50-010 1
assembly (left) 33 制动器底板螺栓 Brake back plate bolt 130-3501012A3 12
前制动器总成（右）Front brake
14
assembly (right)
N3501K50-110 1 转向节止动螺栓 Steering knuckle stop
34 130-3001055 2
screw
15 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B1016 4
35 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B10 2
16 主销防尘罩 Kingpin dust hood 30WX1-01019A 4 右转向节带衬套总成Right steering
36 30TQ01-010B 1
厚度1.0- knuckle with bushing assembly
转向节调整垫片 Steering knuckle 2.0mm I型六角螺母—细牙 Type I hex nut – fine
17 131-3001050/60 37 Q341B20 6
adjusting washer Thickness thread
1.0-2.0mm 前车轮螺栓（右）Front wheel bolt
38 30KG1-03052B 6
18 转向节销 Steering knuckle pin 130-3001031A4 2 (right)
车轮螺母总成（右）Wheel nut
转向节止推轴承护圈 Steering knuckle 39 24KG1-04050 6
19 130-3001042 2 assembly (right)
thrust bearing retaining ring
40 标牌 Rating plate 3904002J1 6 1
20 轴承 Bearing 98906 2
 内部文件，注意保密

2、气压制动前桥总成分解图 Exploded view of pneumatic brake front axle assembly

7
 零件目录 Contents of axle assembly parts
内部文件，注意保密

序号 数量 序号
名称Description 件号Part No. 名称Description 件号Part No. 数量Qty
S/No. Qty S/No.
1 前轮毂盖 Front hub cover 130-3103091 2 23 转向横拉杆总成 Tie-rod assembly 3003Q38-020-H 1
2 转向节螺母 Steering knuckle nut 30WX1-01124 2 左转向节带衬套总成 Left steering knuckle
24 30WX1-01010 1
with bushing assembly
转向节锁紧螺母垫圈 Steering knuckle
3 30WX1-01128 2 右转向节带衬套总成Right steering knuckle
lock nut washer 25 30WX1-01020 1
with bushing assembly
4 开口销Cotter pin Q5005045 2 26 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B1016 2
5 外轴承 Outer bearing 32207-2 2 27 主销防尘罩 Kingpin dust hood 30WX1-01019 2
6 前制动鼓 Front brake drum 3501Q40-031 2
按需
转向节调整垫圈 Steering knuckle adjusting
7 后车轮螺母（左）Rear wheel nut (left) 3502QD38-057A 6 130-3001048 According
washer
to needs
8 后车轮螺母（右）Rear wheel nut (right) 3502QD38-056A 6
28
9 前车轮螺栓（左）Front wheel bolt (left) 136-3103053 6 按需
转向节调整垫圈Steering knuckle adjusting
前车轮螺栓（右）Front wheel bolt 130-3001049 According
10 136-3103052 6 washer
(right) to needs
11 沉头螺钉Sunk screw Q2541025 2 29 主销推力轴承Kingpin thrust bearing 409906K 2
12 前轮毂 Front hub 3103Q40-015 2 30 转向节销盖 Steering knuckle pin cover 130-3001018 2
13 内轴承 Inner bearing 32210-2 2 31 转向节主销 Steering knuckle kingpin 30WX1-01031 2
14 前轮毂油封 Front hub oil seal 30WX1-03070 2 32 六角螺栓 Hex bolt 3000QA38-055 2
前制动器总成（左）Front brake 33 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B12 2
15 N3501E50Q-140 1
assembly (left) 34 滑脂嘴Grease nozzle Q700B01 4
前制动器总成（右）Front brake 35 转向节销锁栓 Steering knuckle pin lock bolt 3001A101-033 2
16 N3501E50Q-040 1
assembly (right) 外齿弹性垫圈Elastic washer with external
气室总成（左）Air chamber assembly 36 Q41210 2
17 3519E50-020 1 tooth
(left)
37 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q340B10 2
气室总成（右））Air chamber
18 3519E50-010 1 38 弯臂六角螺母 Bent arm hex nut 3001A101-083 2
assembly (right)
19 制动器底板螺栓 Brake back plate bolt 3000Q38-051 8 39 转向直拉杆臂 Steering drag link arm 3000K38-085 1
20 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B12 8 40 右转向节臂 Right steering knuckle arm 3000Q38-081 1
41 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B1230 8
21 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer 8
42 开口销 Cotter pin Q5006336 2
22 前轴 Front axle 3000K38-010 1 8
43 标牌Rating plate 3904002J1 1
 内部文件，注意保密

3、液压制动前桥轮边结构图 Front axle hub structure (hydraulic)

序号 配件名称
用量Qty
S/No. Part name
车轮螺母总成（左）
1 6
Wheel nut assembly (left)
前车轮螺栓(左）
2 6
Front wheel bolt (left)
轮毂内螺母（左）
3 6
Hub inner nut (left)
前轮毂
4 2
Front hub
内轴承
5 2
Inner bearing
前轮毂油封总成
6 2
Front hub oil seal assembly
前轮毂盖
7 2
Front hub cover
转向节螺母
8 2
Steering knuckle nut
开口销
9 2
Cotter pin
转向节螺母锁紧垫圈
10 2
Steering knuckle nut locking washer
外轴承
11 2
Outer bearing
前制动鼓
12 2
Front brake drum
前制动器总成(左)
13 1
Front brake assembly (left)

9
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4、气压制动前桥轮边结构图 Front axle hub structure (pneumatic)

序号 配件名称 用量
S/No. Part name Qty
车轮螺母（左）
1 6
Wheel nut (left)
前车轮螺栓(左）
2 6
Front wheel bolt (left)
前轮毂
3 2
Front hub
内轴承
4 2
Inner bearing
前轮毂油封总成
5 2
Front hub oil seal assembly
前轮毂盖
6 2
Front hub cover
转向节螺母
7 2
Steering knuckle nut
开口销
8 2
Cotter pin
转向节螺母锁紧垫圈
9 Steering knuckle nut locking 2
washer
外轴承
10 2
Outer bearing
前制动鼓
11 2
Front brake drum
沉头螺钉
12 4
Sunk screw
前制动器装置(左)
13 1
Front brake device (left)

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5、前桥转向结构图 Front axle steering structure

序号 配件名称 用量
S/No. Part name Qty

左转向节带衬套总成
14 Left steering knuckle with 1
bushing assembly

六角头螺栓
15 4
Hex bolt

转向节销
16 2
Steering knuckle pin

主销防尘罩
17 4
Kingpin dust cover

转向节调整垫片
18 Steering knuckle adjusting @
shim

轴承
19 2
Bearing

转向节销锁栓
20 2
Steering knuckle pin lock bolt

弹簧垫圈
21 2
Spring washer

I型六角螺母
22 2
Type I hex nut

左转向节臂
23 1
Left steering knuckle arm

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6、前轮定位参数 Front wheel alignment parameters

前轮定位四要素：主销后倾角，主销内倾角，前轮外倾角和前轮前束。
Four main factors of the front wheel alignment: caster angle, kingpin inclination, front-wheel camber, and front wheel toe-in.
1）主销后倾角： Caster angle:
在纵向平面内，主销上部向后倾斜一个r角称为主销后倾角；其作用是能形成回正的稳定力矩。保证汽车直线行驶的稳定
性和转弯后车轮能自动回到直线行驶位置，并使前桥受力更合理。
Within a longitudinal plane, kingpin upper part tilted back a r angle is known as the caster angle; its function is to form aligning
stable torque, guarantee stability of the vehicle straight line running and the wheels can return to the straight line running
position automatically after turning, and make the front axle stress more rational.

Vertical line

Kingpin center line

Rear
Front

Front axle

12
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2）主销内倾角： Kingpin inclination:

在横向平面内，主销上部向内倾斜一个β角，称为主销内倾角；其作用是保证汽车直线行
驶的稳定性、并且使转向操纵轻便；在前轴设计中保证，机加工实现。
Within a lateral plane, kingpin upper part tilted inward a β angle is known as the kingpin
inclination; its function is to guarantee stability of the vehicle straight line running and make
the steering control easy; it is guaranteed in the front axle design and realized in machining.

Vertical line

Kingpin center line

Tire center line
Kingpin

Horizontal line

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3）前轮外倾角： Front-wheel camber:

前轮外倾角是在转向节设计中确定的。设计时使转向节轴颈的轴线与水平面成一角度，该角度即为前轮外倾角ɑ。其作
用是使地面垂直反力能产生一个沿转向节轴颈的轴线向内的分力，而使车轮靠紧轮毂内轴承，有利于行驶的安全性，同时在车
辆满载时使车轮保持直立，从而防止轮胎偏磨。
Front-wheel camber is determined in steering knuckle design. When designing, make the axis of the steering knuckle journal
and the horizontal plane form an angle, this angle is the front-wheel camber ɑ. Its function is to make the vertical ground
reaction force produce a inward component force along the axis of the steering knuckle journal, and make the wheels close
tightly the hub inner bearing, which is favorable for driving safety, and guaranteeing the wheels to keep vertical when the
vehicle is fully loaded, thus preventing eccentric wear of the wheels.

Tire center line Vertical line

Horizontal line

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前轮前束： Front wheel toe-in:

为了消除车轮外倾带来的不良后果，（滚动时类似于滚锥，导致两侧车轮向外滚开，出现边滚边滑现
象）在安装车轮时，使汽车两前轮的中心面不平行，两前边缘距离A小于后边缘距离B，A-B之差称为前轮前
束。其作用使车轮在每一瞬时滚动方向接近于向着正前方。
In order to eliminate the bad results brought about by the wheel camber (when rolling, it is similar to rolling
cone, resulting in the two-side wheels to roll away outwards, occurring the phenomenon of sliding while
rolling), when installing the wheels, make the center plane of the two front wheels unparalleled, the two
front edge distance A is smaller than the rear edge distance B, the difference of A-B is the front wheel toe-
in. Its function is to make the wheels close to front direction at every instantaneous rolling direction.
Front

Dimension A must be smaller than dimension B by 1.5-3mm

15
（二）后桥结构简介 内部文件，注意保密

后桥也称为驱动桥，通过弹性悬架与车架连接，其功用是将万向传动装置传来的发动机转矩传给驱动车轮，
实现降速以增大转矩和承载。
Rear axle is also known as drive axle, which is connected with frame through spring suspension, its function is
to transmit the engine torque transmitted from the universal driving device to the drive wheel to realize speed
reduction and increase the torque and carrying.
从变速器或分动器经万向传动装置输入驱动桥的转矩首先传到主减速器，在此增大转矩并相应降低转速后，
经差速器分配给左右两半轴，最后通过半轴外端的凸缘盘传至驱动车轮的轮毂。（驱动桥壳由主减速器壳和半轴
套管组成）轮毂借助轴承支承在半轴套管上。
The torque inputted to the drive axle via the universal driving device from transmission or torque divider is
transmitted to the final reduction gear first, where the torque is increased and the speed is reduced
correspondingly, then is assigned to the left and right half-axle through differential, and finally transmitted to the
hub of the drive wheel through flange on half-axle outer end. (The drive axle housing is composed of the final
reduction gear and the half-axle sleeve) hub is supported on the half-axle sleeve with help of bearing.

16
 内部文件，注意保密

1、液压制动后桥总成分解图和零件目录 Exploded view of hydraulic brake rear axle assembly

17
零件目录 Contents of axle assembly parts
内部文件，注意保密

零件目录 Contents of axle assembly parts

序号 名称 件号 数量 序号 名称 件号 数量
S/No. Description Part No. Qty S/No. Description Part No. Qty
14 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B1030TF2 9
后右制动器总成 Rear right brake
1 N3502K35-110 1
assembly 15 双头螺栓 Stud bolt Q1231035 4
后左制动器总成 Rear left brake
2 N3502K35-010 1 16 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B10 4
assembly

3 后桥壳总成 Rear axle housing assembly 2401K50-010 1 17 弹簧垫圈 Spring washer Q40310F6 13

4 油封衬套 Oil seal bushing 24A1-01029 2 18 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B12 12

5 锁紧垫圈 Locking washer 24A1-01051 2 19 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40312F6 12

20 六角螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B0616 4
6 轴承螺母 Bearing nut 24A1-01053 2
21 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40306F6 4
7 半轴油封总成 Half-axle oil seal assembly 24A1-01070 2
22 螺塞衬垫 Screw plug gasket 20-411200 1
8 后桥半轴 Rear axle half-axle 24A1-03071 2
六角头螺塞Hexagon outside
9 半轴螺栓 Half-axle bolt 24A1-03084C 16 23
head plug
Q617B22 1

10 制动器底板螺栓 Brake back plate bolt 24A1-04012 12

六角磁性螺塞Hexagon outside
24 Q62316 1
后制动鼓总成（右）Rear brake drum head magnetic plug
11 24A1-04010E 1
assembly (right)
25 密垫密圈 Gasket ring Q72316T5 1
后制动鼓总成（左）Rear brake drum
12 24A1-04020E 1 常闭式通气塞Normally closed
assembly (left) 26 Q900B 1
breather plug
减速器总成i=5.571 Reduction gear
13 24A7-02000B 1
assembly i=5.571

18
 内部文件，注意保密

2、气压制动后桥总成分解图和零件目录 Exploded view of pneumatic brake rear axle assembly

19
 零件目录 Contents of axle assembly parts
内部文件，注意保密

序号 名称 件号 数量 序号 名称 件号
数量Qty
S/No. Description Part No. Qty S/No. Description Part No.
后制动鼓带轮毂总成（右）Rear brake 双头螺栓（涂胶）Stud bolt (sealant
1 3502QD38-010 1 17 Q1231035 4
drum with hub assembly (right) coated)
后制动鼓带轮毂总成（左）Rear brake 18 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B10 4
2 3502QD38-020 1
drum with hub assembly (left) 19 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40310F6 13
3 后桥半轴Rear axle half-axle 24A1-03071 2 制动气室总成（右）Brake air
20 N600164316 1
半轴油封总成 Half-axle oil seal chamber assembly (right)
4 24A1-01070 2
assembly 制动气室总成（左）Brake air
21 N600164317 1
轴承螺母锁紧垫圈 Bearing nut locking chamber assembly (left)
5 24A1-01051 2
washer 22 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B1235 4
6 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40306 4 23 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40312F6 4
7 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B0616 4 24 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q151B1430 8
8 后桥半轴螺栓 Rear axle half-axle bolt 24A1-03084C 16 25 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40314F6 8
9 轴承螺母 Bearing nut 24A1-01053 2 后右制动器带支架总成 Rear right
26 N3502E50Q-110 1
10 油封衬套 Oil seal bushing 24A1-01029 2 brake with support assembly
11 I型六角螺母 Type I hex nut Q341B14 12
后左制动器带支架总成Rear left
12 制动器底板螺栓 Brake back plate bolt 2400Q38-001 12 27 N3502E50Q-010 1
brake with support assembly
13 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40314 12
后桥壳总成 Rear axle housing 常闭式通气塞Normally closed
14 2401K50Q-010 1 28 Q900B 1
assembly breather plug
减速器总成（i=5.571）7/39 Reduction 29 螺塞 Screw plug Q617B22 1
15 24A7-02000B 1
gear assembly (i=5.571)7/39 30 螺塞衬垫 screw plug gasket 20-411200 1
六角头螺栓（涂胶）Hex bolt (sealant 六角头磁性螺塞Hexagon outside
16 Q150B1030TF2 9 31 Q62316 1
coated) head magnetic plug
32 垫密圈Gasket ring Q72316T5 1

20
 内部文件，注意保密

3、液压后桥轮毂总成分解图 Exploded view of hydraulic rear axle hub assembly

序号 配件名称 用量
S/No. Part name Qty
后轮毂
1 1
Rear wheel hub
后制动鼓
2 1
Rear brake drum
六角螺母
3 6
Hex nut
后车轮螺栓
4 6
Rear wheel bolt
后车轮外螺母
5 Rear wheel outer 6
bolt
轴承
6 1
Bearing
轴承
7 1
Bearing
轮毂油封
8 2
Hub oil seal
21
 内部文件，注意保密

4、气压后桥轮毂总成分解图 Exploded view of pneumatic rear axle hub assembly

序号 名称 件号 数量
S/No. Description Part No. Qty

1 后制动鼓Rear brake drum 3502Q38-031 1

2 后轮毂 Rear hub 3104Q38-015 1

后车轮螺栓
3 3502QD38-052 6
Rear wheel bolt
后车轮螺母
4 3502QD38-056A 6
Rear wheel nut
轴承外圈
5 32211 1
Bearing outer ring
轴承外圈
6 33113X2 1
Bearing outer ring
沉头螺钉
7 Q2541025 2
Sunk screw

后轮毂油封总成
8 SD85*115*12 2
Rear hub oil seal assembly

22
5、液压后桥制动器结构图 Hydraulic rear axle brake structure
内部文件，注意保密

序号 名称 件号 数量
S/No. Description Part No. Qty
后制动底板总成 Rear brake back plate
1 N3502K35-020 1
assembly
后制动分泵总成 Rear brake slave
2 N3502K35-060 1
cylinder assembly
蹄带摩擦片总成(90x90°) Shoe with
3 1
friction disc assembly (90x90°)
上回位弹簧（前）Upper return spring
4 N3502N01-031 1
(front)
上回位弹簧（后）Upper return spring
5 N3502N01-131 1
(rear)
蹄带摩擦片总成(90x90°) Shoe with
6 1
friction disc assembly (90x90°)
7 压紧弹簧拉紧销Pressure spring pull pin 131R-3501033 2
8 压紧弹簧座圈Pressure spring retainer 131R-3501034 4
制动蹄压紧弹簧 Brake shoe pressure
9 131R-3501032 2
spring
观察间隙孔塞 Clearance observation
10 402029EE 2
hole plug
11 下回位弹簧 Lower return spring 408152 1
调整螺钉(左) Adjusting screw (left) N3502K35-041 1
12
调整螺钉(右) Adjusting screw (right) N3502K35-141
棘轮轴(左) Ratchet shaft (left) N3502K35-042 1
13
棘轮轴(右) Ratchet shaft (right) N3502K35-142
14 推力块 Thrust pad 3502A52-081 1
15 堵塞 Plug N3502K35-044 1
16 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40306 2
17 六角头螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B0628 2
18 调隙孔塞Clearance adjusting hole plug 402030EE 2

23
6、气压后桥制动器结构图 Pneumatic rear axle brake structure
内部文件，注意保密

序号 名称 件号 数量
S/No. Description Part No. Qty
后制动器总成 Rear brake
1 N3502E60Q-040 1
assembly
后左制动凸轮轴 Rear left
3502QZ510-012 1
brake camshaft
2
后右制动凸轮轴Rear right
3502QZ510-112 1
brake camshaft
制动蹄回位弹簧 Brake shoe
3 3501QZ510-013 1
return spring

4 O型橡胶密封圈 O-rubber ring Q734B380355 1

调整臂薄垫圈 Adjusting arm

5 3501QZ510-027/127 1
thin washer
调整臂厚垫圈Adjusting arm
6 3501QZ510-029 1
thick washer

7 开口销 Cotter pin Q5006336 1

后左支架总成 Rear left support

N3502C70Q-050 1
assembly
8
后右支架总成Rear right
N3502C70Q-150 1
support assembly
调整臂总成Adjusting arm
9 3501QZ510-030 1
assembly

24
7、后桥主减总成分解图和零件目录 Exploded view of rear axle final reduction gear assembly
内部文件，注意保密

25
零件目录 Contents of axle assembly parts
内部文件，注意保密

序号 名称 件号 数量 序号 名称 件号 数量
S/No. Description Part No. Qty S/No. Description Part No. Qty
22 半齿垫片 Half-axle gear gasket 24A1-03052 2
1 减速器壳 Reduction gear housing 24A1-02058B 1
23 差速器右壳 Differential right housing 24A1-03017 1
差速器轴承盖 Differential bearing
2 24A1-02140 2 24 差速器左壳 Differential left housing 24A1-03018 1
cover
3 轴承盖螺栓 Bearing cover bolt 24A1-02141 4 25 轴承Bearing 33113X2 2
4 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40314F6 4 26 主动齿轮Drive gear 24A7-02011 1
5 螺栓 Bolt Q150B1238 6 27 轴承挡圈 bearing retaining ring 24A1-02022 1
6 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40312F6 6 28 轴承Bearing NU2205E 1
29 O形圈O-ring Q73431130 1
7 六角螺母 Hex nut Q340B06 2
30 轴承Bearing 31309 2
8 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40306F6 2
31 轴承壳Bearing housing 24A1-02014B 1
导向轴承挡板总成 Guide bearing 主动齿轮油封总成 Drive gear oil seal
9 24A1-02070 1 32 24A1-02050C 1
baffle assembly assembly
10 导向轴承挡板Guide bearing baffle 24A1-02071 1 后桥主动齿轮凸缘总成 Rear axle
33 24A1-02030 1
drive gear flange assembly
11 调整环 Adjusting ring 24A1-03088 2 34 凸缘螺母 Flange nut 24A1-02042 1
调整环锁片 Adjusting ring locking 35 隔套 Spacer sleeve 24A1-02029 1
12 24A1-03089 2
plate 按需 According
36 调整垫片 Adjusting shim 24A1-02017
13 六角螺栓 Hex bolt Q150B0818 2 to needs
14 弹簧垫圈Spring washer Q40308F6 2 按需According
37 调整垫片Adjusting shim 24A1-02018
15 被动齿轮Driven gear 24A7-02012 1 to needs
16 被齿螺钉 Driven gear screw 24A1-02013 12
按需According
差速器壳螺栓 Differential housing 38 调整垫片Adjusting shim 24A1-02019
17 24A1-03019 12 to needs
bolt
18 行星齿轮 Planetary gear 131R-2403055 4 按需According
39 调整垫片Adjusting shim 24A1-02026
19 行齿垫片 Planetary gear gasket 24A1-03058 4 to needs
20 十字轴 Cross shaft 24A1-03061 1 按需According
40 调整垫片Adjusting shim 24A1-02027
21 半轴齿轮Half-axle gear 131R-2403051 2 to needs

按需According
41 调整垫片Adjusting shim 24A1-02028 26needs
to
8、后桥差速器结构 Rear axle differential structure 内部文件，注意保密

差速器的组成：半轴齿轮、行星齿轮、十字轴、差速器壳盖。
Composition of differential: half-axle gear, planetary gear, cross shaft, differential housing cover.

Final reduction
gear driven gear

Differential housing
Differential Differential Half-axle
bearing housing gear
Half-axle gear
thrust washer

Planetary gear shaft

Planetary gear

Thrust washer
Final reduction
Differential gear drive gear 27
 内部文件，注意保密

9、后桥差速器工作原理
Operating principle of rear axle
differential
•行星齿轮运动：Planetary gear motion:
•1、公转 revolution
•2、自转rotation

Schematic diagram of drive wheel

motion when steering
28
 内部文件，注意保密

1）直线行驶时的差速器 Differential when running straightaway

Toothed plate Toothed29gear

 内部文件，注意保密

2）转弯行驶时的差速器 Differential when turning

30
 内部文件，注意保密

三、前后桥装配调整 Front and rear axle assembling adjustment

（一）前桥装配调整 3000N38 Front and rear assembly adjustment 3000N38
1、转向节装配调整 Steering knuckle assembly & adjustment
转向节转动拉力： 5-20N 转向节
Steering knuckle rotating tensile Steering
force 5-20N knuckle
调整垫圈
Adjusting
调整垫片 若干 washer
Adjusting shim Several 转向节销锁栓
Steering
knuckle pin
转向节锁栓螺母拧紧力矩： 17-28N.m
lock bolt
Steering knuckle lock bolt nut
限位螺栓
tightening torque: 17-28N.m
Limit bolt
限位螺栓螺母拧紧力矩： 40-60N.m
主销推力轴承
Limit bolt tightening torque with Kingpin
nut: 40-60N.m thrust 31
bearing
 内部文件，注意保密

转向臂、直拉杆臂螺母拧紧力矩：
Steering arm, drag link arm tightening 转向节臂
torque with nut: Steering arm
180-260N.m

横拉杆球头销螺母拧紧力矩：
Tie rod ball stud tightening torque with nut:
70-120N.m

横拉杆接头锁紧螺母拧紧力矩： 横拉杆球头
Tie rod joint locknut tightening torque: Tie rod joint
30-45N.m

转向角度：Steering angle: 左：36°Left: 36°

右：33°Right:
33°
前束：Toe-in 1.5-3mm
横拉杆接头夹
Tie rod joint clamp

32
 内部文件，注意保密

2、制动器装配调整 Brake assembly & adjustment

调整活塞朝下的分泵位于前方
The wheel cylinder with
adjusting piston downwards
is located front
制动器底板螺栓应从刹车蹄片一侧穿过制动器底板螺
母拧紧力矩：50-80N.m
The bolt at the pedal of brake should pass
through pedal from brake shoes side， tighten
torque with nut: 50-80N.m
油管位于上方
Oil pipe is at above

制动鼓抱死调整棘轮回退6-8齿
Brake drum lock adjusting ratchet
wheel returns 6-8 teeth

33
 内部文件，注意保密

3、转向节螺母装配调整
Steering knuckle nut assembly & adjustment

转向节螺母拧紧至100N.m，螺母旋出1/4—1/3圈
Tighten steering knuckle nut to 100N.m,
screw out nut 1/4—1/3 circle

开口销正确装配方法
Correct assembly method
for cotter pin

前轮毂盖拧紧力矩：80-100N.m
Front wheel hub cap
tightening torque: 80-
100N.m
34
 内部文件，注意保密

（二）后桥装配调整 2400N38F
Rear axle assembly adjustment 2400N38F
1、制动器装配调整 Brake assembly adjustment
调整活塞朝下的分泵位于前方
Adjust the wheel cylinder with
downwards piston is located front
制动器底板螺栓应从刹车蹄片一侧穿过制动器底板
螺母拧紧力矩：60-70N.m
The bolt at the pedal of brake should pass
through pedal from brake shoes side, tightening
torque with nut: 60-70N.m
油管位于上方
Oil pipe is at above

制动鼓抱死调整棘轮回退6-8齿
Brake drum locking adjusts ratchet
wheel returns 6-8 teeth

35
 内部文件，注意保密

2、轴承内螺母装配调整
Nut within bearing assembly adjustment
将螺母用扭矩扳手拧紧到力矩为：135-145n.m后
再按要求回松1/8—1/6圈
Tighten the nut with torque wrench to torque
135-145n.m and then loosen 1/8—1/6 circle
as required

按对角线顺序拧紧半轴螺栓拧紧到力矩为：
90-110N.m
Tighten half-axle bolts in diagonal
order to torque of 90-110N.m

36
 内部文件，注意保密

3、24A系列减速器总成装配调整 24A series reducer assembly adjustment

1）主轴总成装配调整 Main shaft assembly & adjustment

将主动齿轮内轴承内圈压入主轴颈上，装上主齿隔套和适当厚度的调整垫片；装上主轴承
壳总成和外轴承内圈，再装上主轴凸缘，旋紧凸缘螺母；拧紧力矩应为 245-350N·m；
Press the internal bearing inner ring in driving gear into main journal and install it with
main gear sleeve and adjusting shim of proper thickness; Install it with main bearing shell
assembly and external bearing inner ring, and install main shaft flange, tighten flanged nut;
tightening torque is 245-350N·m;

37
 内部文件，注意保密

这时主动齿轮轴承的转动摩擦力矩为：1-2.5N.m；（若测量力矩达不到要求则更换调整垫片厚度，重新
调整）在主动齿轮端面与螺母端面打一刻线标记，拆下凸缘螺母和主动齿轮凸缘，压入主轴油封；复装上主
动齿轮凸缘和凸缘螺母，用扁冲对准齿轮轴上的缺口，将凸缘螺母锁紧部分冲凹下去，保证螺母锁紧；
At the time the pivoting friction torque of driving gear bearing is 1-2.5N.m; (if the measured torque can
not meet specified requirements, replace thickness of adjustment shim and make another adjustment) Mark
a tag on the head face of main toothed gear and nut, unload flanged nut and driving gear flange and press
down main shaft oil seal; re-install main drive gear flange and flanged nut, align it with the gap on gear shaft
and punch down the locking part of flanged nut to ensure a tightened nut;

38
 内部文件，注意保密

2）差速器总成装配调整 Differential mechanism assembly adjustment

将两个半轴齿轮止推垫片、半轴齿轮分别装在差速器左右壳内，后将行星齿轮及行星齿轮止推垫片套在
差速器十字轴上，装于差速器左壳内合上差速器左右壳；装差速器壳螺栓并拧紧，拧紧力矩为70-90N·m,；
将被动齿轮套在差速器壳上，被动齿轮螺栓上预涂锁固胶后拧入螺孔并将螺栓拧紧，拧紧力矩为118-137N·m；
将两个轴承内圈分别压装在差左右壳的轴颈上；
Install the half-axle shaft gear thrust washer, axle shaft gear respectively in the left and right bush of
differential mechanism; attach the planetary gear and thrust washer of the planetary gear to the cross axle
of differential gear and install to the left shell on the differential gear and close it; install the differential gear
shell bolt and tighten it. The tightening torque is 70-90N·m; attach the passive gear sets to the differential
case, the passive gear hydrant pre-coating lock coating adhesive, screw in bolt and tighten the bolt. The
tightening torque is 118-137N·m; Press-fit the inner ring of two axle bearing onto the left and right case of
axle journal respectively;

39
 内部文件，注意保密

3）减速器总成装配调整 Reducer assembly adjustment

将导向轴承外圈装入减速器壳的导向轴承孔内，装导向轴承挡板总成和导向轴承挡板，用弹簧垫圈和
六角螺母固定，螺母拧紧力矩为8-10N.m；装厚度适当的调整垫片和将O型圈套在主轴承壳外圆的凹槽；装
入主动齿轮总成，拧上穿有弹簧垫圈的主齿总成连接螺栓，拧紧力矩为59-78N.m；
Install the external ring of pilot bearing into the hole of pilot bearing on reducer and install pilot
bearing guard assembly and pilot bearing, at last fix it with spring washer and hex nut. The nut tightening
torque is 8-10N.m; Install an adjusting shim of proper thickness and set the o-ring onto the groove on outer

circle of main bearing housing; install driving gear assembly and screw on the main gear assembly
connecting screw with spring shim. The tightening torque is 59-78N.m;

40
 内部文件，注意保密

分左右拆下差速器轴承盖；装入差速器总成，在差速器总成两端装轴承外圈；合上差速器
轴承盖，用穿有弹簧垫圈的六角螺栓固定轴承盖；（差速器轴承盖分左右不要装错）装差速器
轴承调整环，将其拧动自如；
Dismount differential bearing case from left and right respectively; Install it with differential
assembly and install a bearing outer ring at the both ends of differential; Close the bearing
case and fix it with hex bolt wearing a washer; (the left and right differential bearing cases
should not be misplaced) Install a differential bearing adjusting ring so that can press it
smoothly;

41
 内部文件，注意保密

调整差速器轴承调整环，调整环旋紧使被动齿轮无轴向窜动，再拧紧1-2格达到所需测隙；
将轴承盖螺栓用扭力扳手拧紧，拧紧力矩为：132-172N.m；在差速器左壳固定被动齿轮的螺栓
处测量拉力为：9.8-13.7N；在被动齿轮沿圆周大致均布的四个位置上，检查测量被动齿轮的齿
侧间隙应在0.15—0.25mm范内，侧隙变动量不大于0.07mm；
Adjust the adjusting ring on differential bearing and tighten it so that the driven gear
cannot axially move. And then screw on another 1-2 lattices to required clearance; Screw up
the bearing cover bolt with torque wrench and the tightening torque is 132-172N.m; The
tensile force at the bolt used for fixing driven gear at the left housing on differential is
measured as 9.8-13.7N; on the four locations roughly evenly distributed along the
circumference of the driven gear, inspect that the measured backlashes in driven gear are in
the range from 0.15 to 0.25mm. The side clearance varies not larger than 0.07mm;

42
 内部文件，注意保密

在被动齿轮圆周大致均布的三个位置上，正反齿面涂一薄层红丹油，然后正反转动被动齿轮，以获得
接触区印迹，被动齿轮啮合印迹应中间偏小端，且接角区长度≥40%齿长，≥50%齿高，不碰齿根齿顶；装
上调整环锁片和穿有螺栓垫圈的六角螺栓并将螺栓拧紧，拧紧力矩为18-23N.m。将调整环锁片敲入锁槽；
Apply a thin layer of red lead oil on both sides of tooth faces at the three locations roughly and
evenly distributed along the circumference of driven gear. Positively and negatively rotate the driven gear
in order to obtain contact area prints. The prints of driven gear engagement should be in the middle to
small end and the length of joint angle is larger than 40% of length of gear and 50% of height of gear. Do
not touch root and top of gear; Install adjusting ring locking plate and hex bolt passing through bolt washer
and tighten them with bolt. The tightening torque is 18-23N.m. Knock the adjusting ring locking plate into
locking slot;

43
 内部文件，注意保密

4）关键点： Key points

主被动齿轮的齿面接触区和齿侧间隙是藉装于轴承壳下面的调整垫片和差速器调整环来调整的；
调整其使主、被动齿轮处于较好的啮合状态，齿侧间隙应在0.15—0.25mm，侧隙变动量不大
于0.07mm；
The contact area and gear backlash of main driven gear is adjusted by the adjusting washer
and differential under the bearing shell ; Adjust to make main & driven gears in good
condition. The backlash in circular tooth should range from 0.15 to 0.25mm and the backlash
varies not more than 0.07mm;
如果，主被动齿轮的齿面接触区不正确，应重新加减轴承壳下面的调整垫片，达到正确的主被
动齿轮的齿面接触区；
In the case of improper contact areas on gear faces of driving and driven gear, add or
remove adjusting washers under the bearing shell for the purpose of proper circular tooth
contact;
如果，齿侧间隙不正确，应重新通过调整差速器调整环，以达到正确的齿侧间隙；
In the case of wrong backlash in circular tooth, re-adjust ring via differential adjusting ring for
the purpose of correct backlash in circular tooth;

44
 内部文件，注意保密

4、NJ1023后桥减速器总成装配调整
NJ1023 rear axle reducer assembly fabrication & adjustment
1)主动齿轮总成装配调整 Driving gear assembly & adjustment
将主动齿轮内轴承外圈和外轴承外圈压入减壳主轴承孔内；放入主动齿轮内轴承内圈；装好测量减壳量具，测
出数值选用适合厚度的调整垫片用于调整主被动齿轮啮合区域；
Impress the outer ring of internal bearing on driving gear and outer ring of external bearing into hole of main
bearing; input internal ring of driving gear; install with measurement tool for measuring reducing shell and while
measuring, select adjusting washer of proper thickness and use it for adjusting zone of action for driving gear;
（即175±测量值=所选调整垫片厚度）
(i.e. 175±measured value=thickness of selected adjusting shim )

45
 内部文件，注意保密

将所选适合厚度的调整垫片套入主动齿轴上，装上所测量的主动齿轮内轴承内圈，用液压
机压紧后装入减壳主轴承孔内；
Set the adjusting shim of proper thickness into the driving gear and install internal ring of
driving gear internal bearing to be measured. Compress it as much as possible with hydraulic
machine and install into the hole of main bearing

46
 内部文件，注意保密

在主动齿轮轴上装入主齿隔套、适当厚度的轴承调整垫片,外轴承内圈,油封挡油盘,主动
齿轮凸缘总成、垫圈、拧上槽形螺母；
Install a main gear sleeve, bearing adjusting washer of proper thickness, inter ring of external bearing,
oil seal baffle disc, driving gear flange assembly, gasket onto the driving gear shaft and screw on
slotted nut;

47
 内部文件，注意保密

槽形螺母拧紧力矩为174-245N.m；这时主动齿轮轴承的转动摩擦力矩为 Mp应在1.4-
2.1N.m范围内；（若测量力矩达不到要求则更换调整垫片的厚度使测量力矩合格）在主动齿轮
端面与槽形螺母端面打一刻线标记，拆下凸缘总成；压入主轴油封,重新装配主动齿轮凸缘总成
拧紧槽形螺母，插入开口销撬开尾部点上标识；
The tightening torque for slotted nut is 174-245N.m; At the time the rotating frication
torque of driving gear bearing is Mp, which shall be within the range of 1.4-2.1N.m; (if the
measuring torque fails to meet relevant requirements, replace the adjusting washer of proper
thickness to meet qualified measuring torque) Mark a scale sign on the faces of driving gear
and slotted nut and dismount flange assembly; impress oil seal of main shaft and re-install
driving gear flange assembly and tighten slotted nut, insert cotter pin and pry off the tail and
make a mark.

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2)差速器带被动齿轮总成装配调整 Differential belt driven gear assembly adjustment

装半轴齿轮及行星齿轮：将半轴齿轮止推垫片、半轴齿轮，行星齿轮止推垫片、行星齿轮，
行星齿轮轴分别装在差速器壳内；用手转动半轴齿轮应松紧适度、转动自如，确认有差速后将
被动齿轮套在差速器壳上；
Install half-axle gear and planetary gear: install half-axle gear thrust washer, half-axle gear,
planetary gear thrust washer, planetary gear, planetary gear shaft into differential housing
cover; rotate half-axle gear with hands to make it moderate loosing and rotating freely. Loop
the driven gear cover on differential housing case after the confirmation of differential;

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在锁紧螺栓上涂上HT7271螺纹锁固密封胶，然后拧入螺孔，用拧紧机的拧紧，拧紧力矩
为：68.6-88.2N.m；在轴承内圈配合面涂以薄层润滑油后，将两个轴承内圈分别压装在差速器
左右壳的轴颈上；
Apply a layer of HT7271 screw thread sealant on the lock bolt and screw in screw hole.
Tighten it with tightening machine and the tightening torque shall be 68.6-88.2N.m; apply a
thin layer of lubricant on the fitting surface of bearing internal ring and impress the two bearing
internal rings respectively onto the shaft journal of left and right housing shell;

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3)减速器总成装配调整 Reducer assembly fabrication & adjustment

拆下差速器轴承盖，装入差速器总成并在差速器总成两端装轴承外圈；合上差速器轴承盖
用穿有弹簧垫圈的六角螺栓固定轴承盖并预紧；
Dismantle differentia bearing cover and install differential assembly. And install bearing outer
ring at both ends of differential; close the bearing cover and fix it with hex bolt with spring
washer and at last pre-tighten it;

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装差速器轴承调整环，并调整差速器轴承调整环，使差速器轴承手感无轴向窜动，达到所
需的齿侧间隙；复紧差速器轴承盖六角螺栓，拧紧力矩为75-100N.m；
Install differential bearing adjusting ring and adjust it to make differential no axial movement
and get the required backlash in circular tooth; Tighten the hex bolt on differential bearing
cover and the tightening torque is 75-100N.m;

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在被动齿轮大致均布的四个位置的齿面上测量主、被动齿轮之间的齿侧间隙，大小应在0.15-0.35mm
之间，侧隙变动量不得大于0.10mm；测量时，百分表的测量头应位于大端齿面且垂直于被测量点的表面；
Measure the backlash in circular tooth of driving and driven gear on tooth surface at the four locations
roughly and evenly distributed on driven gear and it should be in range from 0.15-mm to 0.35mm. Variation
of backlash in circular tooth should not be larger than 0.10mm; while measuring, measuring head of dial
indicator should be on tooth surface of bigger end and vertical to surface of measuring point;
如被动齿轮之间的齿侧间隙过大，应适当退出靠齿面的轴承调整
环，并适当旋紧齿被面的轴承调整环，使被动齿向主动齿靠拢以达到合
格的齿侧间隙；如被动齿轮之间的齿侧间隙过小，反之，调整轴承调整
环使被动齿离开主动齿以达到合格的齿侧间隙；
If the backlash in driven gear is oversized, exit the bearing
adjusting ring next to tooth face as appropriate and screw in adjusting
ring on the back so that getting closer to driver gear and required
backlash; if the backlash in driven gear is undersized, in the similar
way, adjust adjusting ring so that driven gear parting from driving gear
and get a required backlash;
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在被动齿轮圆周大致均布的三个位置上，正反齿面涂一薄层红丹油，然后正反转动被动齿轮，以获得接触
区印迹，被动齿轮啮合印迹应中间偏小端，且接角区长度≥50%齿长，≥40%齿高，不碰齿根齿顶；
Apply a thin layer of red lead oil on both sides of tooth faces at the three locations roughly evenly
distributed around the circumference of driven gear. Positively and negatively rotate the driven gear in order to
obtain contact area marks. The make of driven gear engagement should be in the middle to the small end and
the length of joint angle is larger than 50% of length of gear and 40% of height of gear. Do not touch root and
top of gear;
如被动齿轮啮合印迹偏向小端并出小端，应减调整垫片；如被动齿轮啮合印迹偏向大端并出大端，应
加调整垫片；（一般加减垫片以0.15mm啮合印迹才有变化）
If the engaging sign of driven gear is deviated to small end and out of it, lessen the adjusting washer; if
engaging sign of driven gear is deviated to big end and out of it, add the adjusting washers (The engaging signs
are visible by adding and lessening 0.15mm)

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装止动片、弹簧垫圈和六角螺栓， 在主动齿轮端检查差速器轴承预紧度Mr应在下列范围内，

螺栓拧紧力矩为15-25N.m，然后将锁片 如不能满足要求，应重新调整； Mr=Mp+(1.96-2.74)/I（单位：

插入调整环槽内，最后点上漆标， Nm，式中：Mp为主动齿轮轴承实测预紧力矩）

Install locking plate, spring washer and Check differential bearing pre-stressing degree driving on driving

hex bolt and the tightening torque is 15- gear end, expressed as Mr is within the range listed below, if it

25N.m. Insert locking plate in adjusting not complies with it, make an re-adjustment; Mr=Mp+(1.96-

ring groove and paint a mark. 2.74)/I (in Nm, in which: Mp express actual pre-stressing torque
of driving gear bearing )
Driving gear
velocity ratio
速器轴承 主动齿轮
预紧扭矩 速比 43/8

Differential bearing
pre-torque
Driving gear bearing

i=5.375
主动齿轮
pre-torque

轴承预紧扭矩
1.4 1.75-1.9
1.5 1.85-2.0
1.6 1.95-2.1
1.7 2.05-2.2
1.8 2.15-2.3
1.9 2.25-2.4
2.0 2.35-2.5
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序号
问题点 解决措施 备注
Serial
Problems Solutions Remarks
No.
调整齿轮前，检查主被动齿轮齿面有无毛头（磕碰点）
齿轮间断冲击声 金刚锉去除
1 -Check whether there is burr on the surface of driving
Gear make impact sound Remove it with files
and driven gear prior to adjust gear
拆除主被齿轮，更换主动齿轮调整垫片（主动齿轮调整
齿轮啮合印迹偏向小端（出齿轮面） 垫片厚度最少减低0.15mm)
异响
2 Engaging signs deviate to small Remover driving and driven gear and replace adjusting
Abnormal sound
end (out of gear surface) shim (the adjusting shim of driving gear should be
reduced at least by 0.15mm)
拆除主被齿轮，更换主动齿轮调整垫片（主动齿轮调整
齿轮啮合印迹偏向d大端（出齿轮
垫片厚度最少加厚0.15mm)
面） 异响
3 Remove driving and driven gear, replace driving and
Engaging trace deviate to d big Abnormal sound
driven gear adjusting washer (the adjusting shim of
end (even out of tooth surface )
driving gear should be added at least by 0.15mm)
过轻，轴承早期磨损、窜动；过
拆除主被齿轮，过轻，相应减少主动齿轮轴承调整垫片
紧，轴承烧结
主动齿轮轴承预紧力矩过轻、过紧 的厚度；过紧，相应增加主动齿轮轴承调整垫片的厚度
Too light pre-torque may lead
4 Driving gear bearing pre-torque is Remove driving and driven gear, if too light, reduce the
to early wearing and axial
too light or tight thickness of driving gear bearing; if too tight, add the
movement; too light torque may
thickness of driving gear bearing as the case may be
lead to sintered bearing
齿侧间隙过大、过小都会造成异
主、被动齿轮之间的齿侧间隙过大、过小，通过调整差
主、被动齿轮之间的齿侧间隙过大、 响，过大加减油有冲击声
速器轴承调整环来达到合格齿侧间隙
过小 Too large or small backlash
5 Adjust differential bearing adjusting ring to get proper
Too large or small backlash in the both lead to abnormal sound. If
backlash in gear if the backlash in the driving and driven
driving and driven gear too large, impacting sound will
gear is too large or small
occur while fill and minus oil.
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四、车桥检查维护 Axle inspection and maintenance

在车辆进行维护保养时，要及时对前后桥进行检查、维护保养。
Both front and rear axles are expected to be inspected and maintained during maintaining
automobile.
1、转向节的检查： Inspection of steering knuckle
转向节主要检查其根部有无裂纹及轴颈的磨损情况；如果有裂纹一定要更换，不能带故障运行，以免发生严
重事故；转向节轴承轴颈的磨损量不能超过0.05mm.。
While inspecting steering knuckle, it is supposed to focus on inspecting crack on the root and wearing of
shaft journal; if there is crack, replace it and do not operate with faults in the prevention of serious accident;
the wearing loss area of steering knuckle bearing journal should not exceed 0.05mm.

2、主销和衬套间隙的检查： Inspection of clearance between king pin and bushing:

主销和衬套的配合间隙超过0.16mm时，应更换主销及衬套；主销和衬套配合间隙大，会造成前轮发摆，方
向不稳，吃胎，也会造成转向节等机件的损坏；当主销磨损量大到0.1mm，应更换主销。
When the clearance between king pin and sleeve exceeds 0.16mm, replace main pin and sleeve in time;
if the clearance is too large, the steering direction will be instable and there is phenomenon that one tire
(or more) is serious worn that the rest. It may also cause damage to parts like steering knuckle; when the
wear loss area of king pin is as big as 0.1mm, replace the king pin.
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3、止推轴承的检查： Inspection of thrust bearing

前轮的止推轴承在使用中要注意保养润滑，每次雨天过水行驶后，均应注入润滑脂，以见新油脂为好
；如果转动方向盘时前轮发出响声，且转轮发摆，一般是止推轴承损坏，应予以更换。
The thrust bearing on the front wheel should be lubricated and maintained in use. Fill in lubricant grease
until new grease is seen after traveling in rainy days; if front wheel make sounds while turning steering
wheel and rotating wheel is swaying, it can be judged that thrust bear is damaged, so replace another.
4、横拉杆和球头的检查： Inspection of tie rod and ball-end
横拉杆主要检查其在行驶中是否受外力后弯曲变形，会造成前束不对行驶方向飘移及吃胎，应校直
或更换。拉杆球头要注意保养润滑，避免早期磨损松框，造成行驶偏和单边吃胎，检查方法，轻微转动方
向盘（消除方向盘自由间隙）检查左右轮是否同时有轻微摆动，如有一边没有轻微摆动现象则这边球头已
磨损松旷，应更换拉杆球头。
Inspection of tie rod is focus on that tie rod is bending and deflection under the strong external force which
may cause wrong toe-in and unstable traveling direction and tire wearing, make a correction and
replacement. The joint of tie rod should be cared and maintained to prevent it form early wearing and
loosing or traveling deviation or unilateral tire wearing. If there is no slightly swaying, it indicates that the
ball-end on the side is worn and loosen, so replace tie rod ball-end.
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5、通气孔的检查： Inspection of air hole

检查清除后桥壳通气塞上的泥土、灰尘，避免造成通气塞堵塞。
Check and clean all the mud and dust on the air hole on rear axle housing to prevent the air hole from blocking.

6、加、放油螺塞的检查： Inspection of plug screw for oil filling & drainage

检查加油孔螺塞和放油孔螺塞有无松动现象，如有松动应及时拧紧。
Check weather the screw plug of oil filling hole and draining hole, tighten it timely if loosened.

7、润滑油量的检查： Inspection of lubricant level

检查桥壳内齿轮油面的高度，以食指第二关节够到为最低标准。
Check the height of oil surface on gear within axle cover, which is subject to the level which could be reached
by check with second joint on index finger.
8、半轴螺栓力矩检查： Inspection of half-axle bolt torque
检查半轴螺栓紧固情况，如有松动，应及时按规定的拧紧力矩拧紧。
Check the tightening conditions of half-axle bolt torque; tighten with required tightening torque in time if it is
loosen.

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8、制动间隙检查： Inspection of brake clearance

检查四轮制动蹄片与制动鼓间隙，并进行必要相应调整。
Check the clearance between the four-wheel brake shoe and brake drum and make necessary adjustment.

9、轮毂轴承检查保养： Inspection and maintenance of hub bearing

检查四轮轮毂轴承有无轴向窜动间隙，并进行必要相应调整；每一万公里要进行清洗、润滑。
Check whether there is clearance between four-wheel hub bearing large enough to axial movement. Make
necessary adjustments; Clean and lubricate it after traveling every 10,000 km.

10、前束检查： Inspection of toe-in

检查前桥前束值，必要时应进行调整。
Check the toe-in value of front axle and make relevant adjustment as necessary.

11、后桥齿轮油： Gear oil of rear axle

后桥齿轮油，应在每一万公里进行更换。GL-5 85W/90
The rear axle gear oil shall be replaced after traveling every 10,000 km. GL-5 85W/90

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五、车桥故障原因分析、判断处理 Axle fault cause analysis and remedies

（一）后桥异响原因分析 Axle abnormal sound cause analysis
1、起步时有“刚铛”的响声，行驶中收油门或改变车速时，也有“刚铛”的响声，当车速稳定后，响声消失或一直存在；
It will make clank sound when it starts up. It may also occur when throttle down the engine or change the speed while
traveling. The sound will disappear or exist all the times after stable traveling speed.
主要原因： Major reasons:
1）主、被动齿轮齿侧间隙过大；（加减速时有冲击声）
The backlash in the driving and driven gear is too large; (impacting sound will make out when accelerate or decelerate.
2）主、被动齿轮磨损严重，至齿侧间隙过大；（加减速时有冲击声还会随着车速越高响声越大）
Driving and driven gear is seriously worn that backlash is too large; (impacting sound will make out when accelerate or
decelerate and it will get louder and louder with accelerating speed.)
3）主动齿轮轴承预紧力过松或凸缘螺母松动；（加减速时有冲击声）
Driving gear bearing pre-torque is too loosed or flange nut is loose; (impacting sound will make out when accelerating or
decelerating)
4）被动齿轮连接螺栓有松动现象；（加减速时有冲击声或间断“哽哽”声 ）
——检查、调整或更换主被动齿轮；
Driven gear connecting bolt is loose; (impacting sound or “Genggeng’ sound may be heard while accelerating or decelerating)
—— Inspect, adjust or replace driving and drive gear
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2、起步后在加速过程中有“嗷嗷”声，并随着车速越快响声越大，同时在后桥壳体部有发热
现象；
"Ao-ao" sounds maybe heard during the accelerating after start up and it gets louder and
louder with the accelerated speed. At the same time, there is heating on the rear axle
housing.
主要原因： Major causes:
1）主、被动齿轮齿侧间隙过小；
Backlash in driving and driven gear is too small
2）被动齿轮偏摆（被动齿跳动大）使啮合间隙不均匀；
Driven gear deflection (driven gear jumps) causes uneven engagement backlash
3）主、被动齿轮啮合区域不正确；
Driving and driven gear engagement area is not correct;
4）传动轴不平衡；车辆有左右抖动现象；
——检查、调整或更换主被动齿轮，传动轴平衡；
Transmission shaft is not balanced; the automobile shakes to the left and right;
——Inspect, adjust or replace driving and driven gear, make transmission shaft balanced;
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3、车辆行驶中，发出间断的“哽哽”声，随车速的提高而增大；
“Geng” sound is heard intermittently while traveling and it gets louder and louder with the
accelerating speed.
主要原因： Major causes:
1）被动齿轮螺栓脱；
Driven gear bolt falls off;
2）主被动齿有个别齿损坏或折断；
Any or some teeth is damaged or broken off in driving and driven gear
4、车辆行驶中后桥无异响，而在滑行中后桥响；
There is no abnormal sound in rear axle while it is heard during sliding.
主要原因： Major cause:
主、被动齿轮反齿啮合区域不正确；
Driving and driven gear is engaged at wrong area

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5、汽车直线行驶时，响声较小或无响声；而在转弯时响声较大，转弯越急响声越大，则为差速
器响；其
There is no or low sound during straight driving; a loud sound is heard once it’s turning and it
gets louder and louder with sharper bend;
主要原因：Major causes:
1）行星齿轮与半轴齿轮啮合间隙过小或过大；
Planetary gear and half-gear engaging backlash is too small or large;
2）行星齿轮在十字轴上远动发卡；
Planetary gear is remotely struck on the cross axle
3）行星齿轮与半轴齿轮啮合不良；
Planetary gear is badly engaged with half-axle gear;
4）齿轮止推垫片磨损、损坏；
——检查、调整或更换差速器；
Gear thrust washer is worn or damaged
——inspect, adjust or replace differential 64
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（二）前轮胎异常磨损原因分析 Cause analysis for front tire faults

1、胎面中间磨损大（平滑）
主要原因：
由于轮胎气压过高所造成；
——严格掌握轮胎充气标准。
Mid part of the tire tread is severely worn (smooth), which is caused by too high tire
pressure – control strictly the tire inflation standard.
2、胎面两侧磨损（平滑）
主要原因：
由于轮胎气压不足所造成；
——严格掌握轮胎充气标准。
Two sides of the tire tread is worn (smooth), which is caused by insufficient pressure of the
tire - control strictly the tire inflation standard.

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3、胎面外侧磨成圆形
Outer side of tire surface is worn to round
主要原因：Major causes:
由于前束值正大，过大
——检查测量前束
Toe-in value is positive too big
—— Inspect measuring toe-in
4、胎面内侧磨成圆形
Inner side of tire surface is worn to round
主要原因： Major causes:
由于前束值倒大
——检查横拉杆是否变形和测量前束
Toe-in value is negative too big
——Inspect tie rod is out of shape and measure toe-in
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5、胎面外侧磨成锯齿状
Outer side of tire surface is worn to zigzag
主要原因：Major causes
由于前轮外倾角不当
——检查转向节、主销孔
Improper camber of front wheel
——Inspect steering knuckle and king pin bore
6、胎面内侧磨成锯齿状
Inner side of tire surface is worn to zigzag
主要原因：Major causes:
由于内倾角不当
——检查转向节、主销孔、前轴
Improper inclination
—— Inspect steering knuckle, king pin bore and front axle
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7、胎面内外侧磨成锯齿状
Outer and inner sides of tire surface are worn to zigzag
主要原因： Major causes:
由于后倾角不当
——检查钢板弹簧是否疲劳变形和斜铁
Improper caster angle
——Inspect if steel spring is fatigue deformation and lean iron
8、胎面上出现一，二处磨光斑
There is one or two polishing points on the tire surface
主要原因： Major causes:
由于轮辋摆差或失圆度过大所致
——合理选配钢圈，并定期实施轮胎换位
Wire rim run-put tolerance or out-of-roundness is too large
——Reasonably match steel ring and rotate tire on a regular basis
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（三）汽车制动单边原因分析 Cause analysis for unilateral brake

汽车制动时，同轴两边车轮不能同时起制动作用，一边车轮制动，另一边车轮滚动，造
成制动时车辆不能沿着直线方向停车。
When the automobile brake, the wheels on the same axle had better not brake at the
same time for wheel on one side braking while wheels the other side rolling, the automobile
cannot stop in straight direction.
1、同轴两边车轮制动蹄片与制动鼓间隙不等——调整制动间隙；
The clearance between brake shoe and drum of wheels on the same axle is unequal-
adjust braking clearance
2、制动蹄片材料不同、接触面不一样——更换 制动蹄片；
The braking shoe materials and contacting surface are different-replace brake shoe;
3、个别车轮制动蹄片上有油，硬化或磨损严重、铆钉外露——调整或更换制动蹄片；
There is oil on individual wheel brake and hardening or serious wearing, rivet is
exposed-adjust or replace brake shoe;
4、制动分泵漏油——检查更换分泵皮碗；
There is oil leakage on brake cylinder-inspect and replace cylinder cup;
5、制动分泵活塞卡滞——检查更换分泵
Pistons of brake cylinder are blocked—— inspect and replace wheel cylinder 69
 内部文件，注意保密

齿轮油问题齿轮磨损案例
Issues about gear oil gear wearing case
主动齿轮正齿啮
合区域已出现较轻
微磨损，拉痕
Driving gear spur
teeth engagement
area is lightly worn
and scuffed
在2400公里时强保更换齿轮油后，行驶约3500公里时
反映后桥响，（1100公里）
Replace gear oil on mandatory insurance after
traveling 2400 km. The sound from rear axle is heard
after traveling 3500 km (1100 km)

被动齿轮反齿啮
合区域已出现较
轻微磨损，拉痕
There is slightly
abrasion and
scuff on driven
gear anti-tooth
engagement
area
70
 内部文件，注意保密

该车在3500公里时强保更换齿轮
油后，约又行驶3500公里后，在行驶
7000多公里时，出现后桥异响速度越
高响声越大。
Replace gear oil on mandatory
insurance after traveling 3500 m. The 被动齿轮正齿啮合区域已出
sound on rear axle is getting louder 现较严重磨损，凹下
Driven gear positive tooth
and louder after traveling another 3500 engagement area is
km, i.e. 7000 km. seriously worn and sagged

被动齿轮反齿啮合区
域已出现较轻微磨损，
拉痕
There is lightly
abrasion and scuff on
driven gear back
teeth engagement
area
71
南京依维柯汽车有限公司
NAVECO