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Pre-
child requisites subject
psychology matter
1a) Preparation
1b) Statement of Aim
2) Presentation
4) Generalization
5) Application
Preparation or Introduction:
This helps in bridging to gap and leaders a student towards the
aim of the lesson of teacher can do this.
By analyzing the previous knowledge of the student of the
student and introducing the new lesson by explaining aims and
objectives.
By asking relevant questions that exposes their ignorance and
arouse interest and curiosity to learn more and something new.
By using different types of teaching aids such as charts, maps
or pictures.
The teacher should keep in mind that this step should be short and
concise and the duration of this step should not exceed five
minutes.
How can a teacher start the lesson?
By asking two or three interesting questions with the help of
aids that is pictures, charts or models.
By asking questions from the content – matter previously
taught.
By discussing a situation and illustration it with the help of a
relevant story.
Presentation:
Presentation of content-matter should be preceded
with the mention of the aim of lesson. Once the aim
of lesson is made clear to the students of the
classroom, both the students and the teacher have
a common focal point to concentrate, that is to
reach the objective of the lesson.
This is the step where there is equal participation of
students and the teacher in the teaching-learning
process.
Questioning becomes one of the most important
devices that is used in this method. Use of other
teaching aids can enhance the interest of the
students towards the lesson and it can be made
comprehensive. Development of black board
summary is also necessary.
Comparison or Abstraction:
Some illustration are given to the students and they are
asked to compare them from other illustrations or facts.
This is one of the important steps, which compels a
student to draw a generalization or a definition based on
the result of the comparison and abstraction.
Generalization or Definition:
This step is as a result of the reflective thinking of the
students.
This knowledge gained in the earlier steps is used in this
step to draw generalizations, formulations and rules with
the help of comparison or abstraction.
Application:
The validity of the generalization is determined, whether it
is temporary or permanent. The generalization stays in
the minds of the students and do not leave their
consciousness soon.
Forms of application:
Solving problems
Recapitulation:
This is last step. Putting some suitable questions on the
topic to the students can test the understanding and
comprehension of the subject matter by the teacher. This
will also help the teacher to find out whether his method
of teaching is effective and successful or not.
Merits of Herbartian five
steps approach
It follows logical and psychological
aspects and therefore incorporate the
basic principles of learning
It is an easy and simple approach of
lesson planning
Content matter is given utmost
importance
It employs deductive thinking in learning
It is the method that can be used to teach
any subject of the school-science
subjects, social studies and languages.
It uses previous knowledge of the
students to impart the new knowledge
This approach can be used to any size of
the class or organization
Demerits of Herbartian five
steps approach
Useful in knowledge lesson
only
No need of generalization
Mechanical method of
teaching
Uninteresting
No place for individual
differences
Teacher more active
Difficulty of correlation
Outline of Herbart lesson
plan
Subject, topic, class and date
General objectives of teaching
Specific objectives
Teaching aids
Introduction
Statement of aim
Presentation
Explanation
Blackboard summary
Recapitulatory questions
Home work