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m 


   
Vm  is a photographic
material on which visual
images and sound are printed.

V The term film does not only


refer to the photographic
material but also to the art
form and communication
medium.
c m
 


m
m 
M 
 
  
d’ ’ ²
American W.K.L Dickson
developed the motion picture
camera Kenitograph and the
peep-show machine
Kinetoscope for American
inventor Thomas Alva Edison.
d’ 
A Kinestetoscope parlor opened in
Manhatan, New York. Within months, the
coin-operated peep-show machine were
being licensed throughout the US.
d’ 
The introduction of the
Kinestoscope in Europe led to the
development of the Cinematographé
by French brothers Louis and
Auguste Lumier. The cinematographe
was camera and developing machine.
d’ 
Thomas Alva Edison bought
that patents of the
Phantascope, a machine for
projecting moving pictures.

ë ’
French showman and
magician Georges Méliés
demonstrated the ability of the
film to bring to life with his
short film A Trip to the Moon.
ë’
American inventor Edwin S.
Porter shot the twelve-minute
epic and box office smash The
Great Train Robbery.
ë ’
Õ Film has been produced
intermittently in various color
processes beginning this year.
ë ’’
American actor-playwright-
producer David Llewelyn Wark
Griffith·s The Birth of A Nation
established the identity of the
motion picture as a new and
original medium of
communication, expression, and
persuasion.
ë’
The Vitaphone process was
introduced in short talking and
singing films.
ë’
Warner Brothers released the
full-length film The Jazz Singer
with Al Johnson singing.
ë ’
American Rouben Mamouliam
directed the first three-color
Technicolor feature Becky Sharp.
ë ’
Walt Disney hit box-office gold
with first-ever animated full-
length film, Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs directed by Ben
Sharpsteen .
ë ’
Gone With the Wind,
directed by Victor Fleming,
was released.
ë ’
the year witnessed the
development of the widescreen
processes to produce an extra-
wide image on ordinary 3mm
film.
M 
 
 
  
ë ’ 
a program was presented by
a certain Señor Pertierra whch
was billed as the Espetaculo
Cientifico on January in his
salon on No.’ Escolta.
However, this turned out to be
merely a presentation of stills
and chronophotographs.
ë’ 
Spanish Army Antonio Tamos
produced films using the
Cinematographé.
ë ’3
Scenographic painter Jose Jimenez
set up the first Filipino-owned movie
theater.
ë ’
Pathé Freres Cinema leased and
sold film projection gears. Film
studios and movie theaters flourished.
ë’’
American theater owner Harry Brown
and scriptwriter Edward Meyer Gross
made the first local full-length one-hour film
about the life of national hero Jose Rizal. It
was entitled La Vida de Jose Rizal.
’’
Photographer Jose Nepumuceno
together with his brother Jesus
established Malayan Films.
’’
Jose Nepumuceno produced the first
Filipino full-length film Dalagang Bukid
based on a stage play.
’
Vicente Salumbides made his first film Miracles
of Love which introduced close-up, fast editing,
and Hollywood style make up.
’3
American director George Musser produced the
first Filipino film with sound, Ang Aswang.
’3s
LVN produced the first Filipino film with
brief color sequences, Ibong Adarna, directed by
Manuel Conde and Vicente Salumbides.
’
Manuel Conde directed Genghis Khan which
became the first Filipino film to enter an
international film festival.
§ 


§ 
V §  
 
 
JUsually concerned with
fictional stories and characters.
-A movie that contains that
contains the elements of a story.
-It is usually shown in
commercial theaters.
Genres
dDrama- tackles relationship among
characters which are patterned
after real life.
d Comedy- uses humor to make viewers
laugh.
d Action/ adventure- narrates the
physical struggles of a character against
another character nature.
d Mystery crime-involves a misdeed
whose puzzle is slowly unraveled.
d Romantic comedy- tackles the story of
lovers who are engaged in an awkward
love relationship.
d Biography- deals with stories of real
people and the events in their lives.
dSciencefiction/ fantasy- includes stories
beyond the bounds of reality.
‰ 6    
 


-- concerned with real people in
events as they actually happen.
-- there are no actors and they are
done without the aid of a script.
-- the term documentary is sometimes
describe as a technique rather that a
particular type of film.
-- it is shown in commercial theaters
and are usually viewed in embassies,
school, and scientific institutions, and
screened during film festivals.
Major Styles of
Documentary Films
V Direct address ² simply presents a topic
and shows visual images with or without
narration.
V Cinéma Vérité ² was ushered in as new
approach to documentary film.it
minimizes narration, neutrally presents
events as they happen, and let the
audience draw their own conclusion.
V Interview-oriented-documentary film
normally get information from people
who are knowledgeable about a
particular topic.
--Emphasis is given on the interview
because of the lack of actual footage
of events which might have happened
a long time ago.
‰ Self-reflexive- documentaries are
made by people who adhere to a
particukar ideology, cause,
persuasion,or lifestyle.
‰ Observational cinema- does not
encourage in-depth involvement I the
topic unlike other documentary films,
but tries to tackle a topic in general.
‰ Television documentary-shown on
T.V and not on the screen. Hence, it
should meet the limitations of T.V:
fast-paced, controlled time.
V Feminist documentary- is a highly
specialized style of documentary.
In recent years, the need to tackle
the plight of women and inequality
emerged.
V Docu-drama- is a narrative film
which is entirely a reenactment.
§   
 

- concerned with exploring the potentials
and possibilities of the film medium
characterized by unconventional form
or content.
- another term of experimental is Avant-
garde which means the front rank of the
newest thing.
ANIMATION
-special type of film which brings
Inanimate characters & objects to life.
- also known as cartoons.

    
The study of film can be grouped in five
major categories:
 Film production- involves the actual
film making. It refers to the technical
and practical aspects of movies like
direction, acting, production design,
cinematography, editing, sound and
music.
 Screen writing- is a separate category
although it is very much a part of film
production. It is the heart of the film but
more related to the literary arts.
 Cinema studies- are the theoretical
foundation of film. It has framework
cultural studies and other critical
theories which look at film as a product
of cultural process.
 Film history- tackles the personalities
and development of film from its early
beginning to its present state.
 Film theory- is another aspect of cinema
studies. It has been largely concerned
with one central issue: What is
cinematic? What path should cinema
follow? What should it reject?
 Film criticism- contrary to popular
perception, has nothing to do with the
aesthetics of film, whether it is good or
not. It deals with the integration of
humanistic concepts or theories to film.

 Film archiving- is the process of


preserving films, particularly the
negatives. The intention is to make old
as well as recent films available to film
researchers, students, and enthusiasts
for their own purposes.
§  

V Noncommercial films- are made for personal
use or institutional purposes without the
primary concern of earning money from them.
These are commercials, advertisements, and
documentary, and documentary, experimental,
business, educational, medical, news, sports,
and government films.
V Commercial films- are the most prevalent in the
film industry. These films are mainly narrative
and often called mainstream cinema. They are
made through an established system, and for
people to watch in commercial theaters for a
fee.
-Taxes are imposed by most governments
for the production and screening of films.
V Movie Theaters (Metro Manila)
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V An issue in the Philippine film industry is film
piracy. Pirated films are sold in sidewalks and
stores throughout the country.
V A possible solution is for movie producers to
lower the prices of original copies of DVD, VCD
and VHS.
V Another issue is the declining attendance in
movie theaters.
Job Opportunities for the Communication
Graduate
-Television & film are converging.
-Students who graduates from Educ. Institutions
offering film, Multi Media Arts, Mass
Communication, Comm. Arts & broadcasting are
perspective workers in the Phil. film industry.

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