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For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Contents
• Specific Defects
• Surface Preparation
• Application
• In Service
• Inherent
• Film Defects
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Definition & Types of Coating Defects
Types of Defects
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Causes of Coating Defects
Poor application
• Mixing (1-pack & 2-pack)
• Use of brush & roller (low dft per coat)
• Use of spraying (low or high dft per coat)
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Causes of Coating Defects
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Specific Defects – Surface Preparation
Low film thickness of paint over steel with large blast profile
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Specific Defects – Surface Preparation
2) Cissing
• Due to contamination of the surface, (eg where paint
can not wet the surface fully) or in the paint.
3) Millscale effects
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Specific Defects – Surface Preparation
4) Welding Issues
• Painting over weld flux residues can cause problems
as it is hygroscopic (absorbs water and then dissolves
in it) and corrosion will break through the coating at
these points
• Paint applied over weld spatter will show early
breakdown, due to shrinkage stress in the coating.
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Specific Defects – Application
1) Blooming
• surface effect if amine & amine-adduct cured
epoxies contact with water before full cure.
• unreacted curing agent takes up moisture.
• not detrimental to film performance but must be
removed (solvent wiping) before painting.
2) Blushing
• White surface film soon after application at high
humidity due to condensation in the film.
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Specific Defects – Application
3) Dry Spray
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Specific Defects – Application
4) Lapping
5) Pin holing
• Circular pits which appear to be free of paint.
• Bubbles break at a stage where the coating has
already dried too much for it to flow and repair the
broken surface.
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Specific Defects – Application
7) Wrinkling
Common on alkyds at high dft, where surface drying
of the film occurs while the under portion of the film
remains soft for a longer time
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Specific Defects – Application
Sagging & Curtaining
Under the
effect of
gravity.
Coating Steel
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Specific Defects – Application
Sagging & Runs
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Specific Defects – Application
Wrinkling
‘A rough crinkled
surface caused by a
drying interference
forming a wrinkled
skin’
Cause
•Applying the paint too thickly
•Over coating an insufficiently cured primer
•Painting during extreme hot or cool / damp conditions
forcing skin to form rather than cure to occur
Remedial Action
•Remove wrinkled layers by sanding / scraping
•Patch prime and finish allowing adequate cure in
between coats
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – In Service
1) Mechanical Damage
• Scratching etc is an unavoidable fact of life, but
certain precautions can be taken in terms of handling
times and the coating specified for a particular use.
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – Inherent
1) Bleeding
• some pigments are solvent soluble
• Tar & Bituminous coatings will bleed through if next
coat has strong solvents
2) Chalking
• Common for epoxies, as UV degradation of the resin
at the surface causes breakdown and the release of
pigment particles.
• It is a surface effect only, and not associated with a
true failure. However, surface dust must be washed off
before applying further coats.
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – Inherent
Chalking
UV Light UV Light
Long
Exposure
The upper layer
is broken down
by UV light
Most of the coating
is not affected
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Specific Defects – Inherent
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Surface Discoloration
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
1) Blistering
Caused by:-
• painting over moisture
• painting over soluble salts
• solvent entrapment
• coating permeability to gas
• excessive Cathodic Protection
• painting over porous surfaces
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – Film Defects
Blistering
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
2) Bubbling
Caused by:-
• Painting over porous substrates (eg Zinc Silicate)
and displacement of air - Mist Coats.
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
3) Checking
• Surface cracking which does not penetrate right
through the topcoat - and may need a lens to see it.
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – Film Defects
4) Cracking
• Fracture of at least the topcoat of paint with ageing,
and occurs when the substrate and coating expand
and contract at different rates.
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
Cracking
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Different Types of Cracking
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
Caused by:-
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
Liquid Paint
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – Film Defects
For internal use only – not to be circulated outside AkzoNobel Protective Coatings
Specific Defects – Film Defects
Detachment
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
Detachment
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Specific Defects – Film Defects
Coatings Detachment Inspection
Coat #2
Coat #1
Steel
Flake Flake Detachment from Steel Substrate
Front Back Due to surface contamination,
application beyond pot-life etc
Left behind
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Final Thoughts & Suggestions
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Thank You
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