INFECTIOUS DISEASES

NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE/COMMON CORE STANDARDS ADDRESSED!

 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or information of

a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes
clear the relationships among the key details and ideas.

 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of

information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually,
quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question or solve a
problem.
AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NATURAL RESOURCE
STANDARDS ADDRESSED
 AS.07.01. Design programs to prevent animal
diseases, parasites and other disorders and
ensure animal welfare.
 AS.07.01.03.b. Identify and describe common
illnesses and disorders of animals based on
symptoms and problems caused by wounds,
diseases, parasites and physiological disorders.
BELL WORK!
 Name some of the infections that viruses can cause in the
digestive system.
 Name some of the infections that bacteria can cause in the
digestive system.
 Name some of the infections that parasites can cause in the
digestive system.
 Name some of the infections viruses can cause in the
reproductive system.
 What are predisposing factors that cause ear infections.
 What are some of the infections that bacteria can cause in the
ears and eyes of animals.
TERMS!
ABSORPTION
ARTHRITIS
BOVINE
CANINE
CIRRHOSIS
INGESTING
NASAL
PATHOGEN
SALIVATION
SYMPTOM
INFECTIOUS DISEASES

 Infectious diseases impact several different

systems within the body which include:
 The digestive system
 The respiratory system

 The reproductive system

 The integumentary system

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM!
 An inflammation of the stomach and intestines is
known as gastroenteritis.
 Gastroenteritis may be caused by bacteria, viruses or
parasites.
 Symptoms include; vomiting , diarrhea, excessive
salivation, straining and abdominal pain.
 Red bleeding is from the upper GI while dark blood
would be from the lower GI.
 GI caused by viral pathogens is highly contagious. The
most common forms are canine parvovirus and swine
transmissible gastroenteritis.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM - GASTROENTERITIS CONT.

 Spore forming bacteria in the intestine increase in

numbers as a result of over feeding or diet change.
 Bots which are the parasitic larvae of the bot fly may
be found in the stomach of horses, large numbers will
lead to colic.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – DIGESTIVE CONT.
 GI diseases caused by parasites may not be as evident as
those caused by a virus or bacteria.
 Intestinal worms may live from a month to one year. Severe
cases may lead to anemia, diarrhea and emaciation. Milder
cases may show as a poor performing animal. ( wt. gain,
growth)
 Nematodes (roundworms) are common in the gastrointestinal
tract of animals.
 Trichostrongyles (hairworms) are found in the stomach and
intestines of ruminants.
 Strongyles (bloodworms) infect the large intestines of horses.
 Hookworms infect the small intestines of dogs and cats
 Large roundworms infect the small intestines of pigs, dogs, cats,
horses, and poultry
 Whipworms are found in the large intestines of dogs and pigs.
TRICHOSTRONGYLES STRONGYLES
INFECTIOUS DISEASES- DIGESTIVE CONT.

 Animals are infected with GI parasites when

they swallow larvae and eggs while feeding.
 To confirm the diagnosis of GI infection a fecal
flotation test should be performed for
confirmation if eggs are found.
 Some of the worms may suck blood which can
cause damage to the arteries, liver and lungs.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES- DIGESTIVE CONT.
 There are other intestinal diseases that are caused by
protozoa.
 Coccidiosis is common in dogs, cats, poultry and young
ruminants.
 Trichomoniasis is also found in dogs.
 Both of these diseases caused severe diarrhea that may have
blood and mucus present.
 Death may occur as a result of severe dehydration and anemia.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – DIGESTIVE CONT.
 Liver flukes are worms that cause inflammation
and scarring of the liver.
 A liver disease known as hepatitis if found in
young cattle while older animals suffer from
cirrhosis of the liver.
 Symptoms are similar to other GI parasite
infections, especially a malnourished
appearance.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE

 Inflammation of the sinuses is commonly referred to

as sinusitis.
 An inflammation of the nasal passages is known as
Rhinitis.
 Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the eyelids which
may accompany either sinusitis or Rhinitis.
 Strangles in horses is basically a combination of both
disorders.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE

 An inflammation of the tonsils is known as Tonsillitis.

 Tonsillitis in dogs is quite common but rare in cats.
 Tonsillitis is the result of a bacterial infection,
symptoms may include coughing, retching, gagging
and mucus discharge.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES –RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
 Pneumonitis (pneumonia) is an inflammation of the air
passages and lung tissue, with symptoms ranging from a deep
cough to difficulty in breathing.
 Pneumonia may be caused by viral and bacterial sources which
will lead to congestion, hemorrhage, mucus, and edema.
 The other common viral respiratory diseases include:
 Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle
 Equine rhinopneumoitis, Equine influenza
 Swine Influenza
 Canine distemper
 Feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus
 Fowl infectious bronchitis, fowl infectious laryngotracheitis
 Avian Influenza
IBR
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE

 Worm parasites may also be the cause of pneumonia

in some animals.
 Several species of lungworms may infect horses,
cattle, sheep and goats.
 Coughing is the common symptom.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE

 Bacterial, viral, and protozoal infections of the uterus are

known as metritis.
 Bacterial infection usually occurs after birth indicated by
discharge of pus, it may have a very foul odor.
 Other uterine disorders that may occur could be premature
birth, abortion, and retained placenta.
 Bacterial diseases causing abortions include; vibriosis,
brucellosis, and, leptospirosis.
 It may be necessary to perform lab tests on blood, fetal,
placental tissues or fetal discharge to determine the cause.
METRITIS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE

 Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands or udder

tissue that may occur during lactation.
 Bacterial infection may be the result of material passing
through the nipple, a wound or through the blood stream.
 Affected mammary glands are generally swollen, warm to the
touch and painful to the animal.
 Infected milk will be discolored and thickened.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
 An inflammation of the skin is known as Dermatitis
which is most commonly caused by a bacterial
infection. ( could be caused by viruses, parasites, and
fungi)
 Common symptoms include itching, hair loss and
lesions.
 If dermatitis is caused by pus forming bacteria it is
known as pyoderma.
 Pyoderma is usually associated with skin allergies or
mange.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 A pathogenic fungus is the cause of ringworm which is

highly contagious by direct contact. Ringworm affects
all domestic livestock and man.
 Children are very susceptible to ringworm.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 Warts are fibrous tumors of the skin affecting animals

and humans.
 Wards are caused by a virus which is generally
transported by a arthropod.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 Poxvirus in the skin can causes a variety of diseases

for domestic livestock.
 Animals acquire the virus from biting arthropods.
 Bumps, blisters and bumps are common symptoms.
 The diseases are named after the affected animals,
fowlpox, swinepox, and cowpox
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 Ticks may be divided into two groups – soft ticks and

hard ticks.
 Hard ticks will attach directly to the animal and feed
for several days. Spread anaplasmosis and Lyme
disease.
 Soft ticks usually affect fowl and are intermittent
feeders.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 Dogs and cats are commonly affected with fleas which may
infest the animal with tapeworms.
 Not only are fleas annoying to the animal but may cause
anemia.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 Lice infestations are most common during the cooler months of

the year.
 Lice infestations area common in cattle, swine and poultry.
 Biting and sucking lice will cause large areas of hair loss.
 Lice are most common in poultry, cattle and swine.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

 A mange infestation like lice occurs mostly in the cooler months

of the year.
 Mange life on the skin or in the ear canal of animals.
 Mange affects few animal other than dogs and cattle.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – CARDIOVASCULAR/LYMPHATIC

 Bacterial infections may cause;

 Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle
 Endocarditis – inflammation of the heart lining
 Pericarditis – an inflammation of the heart sack
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – CARDIOVASCULAR/LYMPHATIC

 Bites from mosquitos infect dos with a nematode that matures

in a dogs heart causing heartworms.
 The worms/disease when large numbers of worms inhibit blood
flow.
 An infected dog will cough, be weak, have rapid breathing, and
appear to be weak.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – MUSCULOSKELETAL/NERVOUS
SYSTEM

 Arthritis is an inflammation of a bone joint, poly arthritis is an

inflammation of multiple joints.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES-MUSCULOSKELETAL/NERVOUS
SYSTEM

 An inflammation of the brain covering is known as Meningitis.

 Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain tissue.
 The two disorders may occur at the same time.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES- SPECIAL SENSES

 The sensory organs most commonly affected by disease

include the ears and eyes.
 Keratoconjunctivitis is a the inflammation of the surface of the
eyeball and the eyelid.
 The inflammation of the eyeball is keratitis which is evident
when the cornea appears to be cloudy. The eyelid may be
crusty from drainage.
 Pinkeye which is common in cattle, goats and man would be an
example of this disorder.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – SPECIAL SENSES

 A bacterial ear infection is known as Otitis which is

characterized by itching and drainage.
 Ear infections are most common in dogs and cats but rare in
larger animals.
THE END!