THE INTEGRATED SCIENCE

PROCESS SKILLS
KDPM & KPLI
LECTURE NOTES
 THE INTEGRATED PROCESSES
• IDENTIFYING AND CONTROLLING
VARIABLES
• FORMULATING AND TESTING
HYPOTHESES
• DEFINING OPERATIONALLY
• EXPERIMENTING
• INTERPRETING DATA
HOW THE SKILLS ARE RELATED?
 A FEW POINTS TO NOTE…..
• CHILDREN REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT
IN THE BASIC SKILLS BEFORE THEY
ARE READY TO WORK WITH THE
INTEGRATED SKILLS.
• MAKE SURE THAT ACTIVITIES ARE
COGNITIVELY APPROPRIATE
• READINESS CAN BE ESTABLISHED
THROUGH THE PIAGETIAN
CONSERVATION TASKS.
 ACTIVITY : THE PENDULUM
• FORM GROUPS (3 MEMBERS EACH)
• YOU WILL NEED
– A PENCIL
– A PIECE OF STRING (2 – 21/2 FEET LONG)
– 8 – 10 METAL WASHERS OF THE SAME
SIZE
SETTING UP THE APPARATUS
 WHAT WILL MAKE THE PENDULUM MOVE
FASTER OR SLOWER?

• BRAINSTORM AS A CLASS
RESPONSES: RESPONSES:
1. LENGTH OF STRING 9.
2. WEIGHT 10.
3. ANGLE OF SWING 11.
4. GRAVITY 12.
5. AIR FRICTION 13.
6. WIND 14.
7. TYPE OF STRING 15.
8. COLOR OF STRING 16.

THESE ARE CALLED VARIABLES

IN BRAINSTORMING, YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED VARIABLES
 HOW TO CHANGE THE VALUES OF EACH
VARIABLE?

RESPONSES:
1. LENGTH OF STRING – SHORTEH THE STRING
2. WEIGHT – INCREASE WIGHT
3. ANGLE OF SWING -PROTRACTOR
4. GRAVITY - SPACE
5. AIR FRICTION - VACUUM
6. WIND – WOODEN BARRIERS
7. TYPE OF STRING – COTTON, NYLON, ETC
8. COLOR OF STRING – RED WHITE
 IDENTIFY THE EFFECT OF EACH VARIABLE
ON THE SPEED OF THE PENDULUM

• FASTER? SLOWER? DON’T KNOW?

DISAGREEMENT?
• YOUR STATEMENT OF WHAT YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN TO THE
PENDULUM’S SPEED WHEN YOU CHANGE A GIVEN VARIABLE IS
CALLED A HYPOTHESIS.
• IT TAKES THE FORM OF A STATEMENT THAT SAYS, “IF I (DO THIS TO
THE PENDULUM), IT WILL (SPEED UP / SLOW DOWN)”
 HOW TO MEASURE THE SPEED OF THE
PENDULUM?

• SPEED = DISTANCE / TIME. MEASURING DISTANCE

IS DIFFICULT.
• THE TIME A PENDULUM TAKES TO COMPLETE ONE
FULL SWING – BACK AND FORTH – IS CALLED ITS
PERIOD.
• THE PERIOD CAN BE MEASURED USING A
STOPWATCH
• LET US USE THE NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15
SECONDS AS THE INDICATION OF THE SPEED.

THIS IS CALLED DEFINING OPERATIONALLY (OPERATIONAL

DEFINITION OF ‘SPEED OF THE PENDULUM’)
 PLAN YOUR EXPERIMENT
• AS A CLASS, SELECT 3 VARIABLES TO TEST
• REMEMBER!!!!
– WHILE EXPERIMENTING WITH ONE VARIABLE, YOU KEEP
ALL THE OTHERS CONSTANT.
• WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOU DID NOT KEEP THE
VARIABLES CONSTANT?
• HOW MANY DIFFERENT VALUES OF THE
VARIABLES WILL YOU NEED TO TEST?
• HOW MANY TIMES WILL YOU NEED TO TRY THE
SAME VALUE OF THE VARIABLES? WHY? AVERAGE
• IDENTIFY: MANIPULATED (INDEPENDENT)
VARIABLE AND RESPONDING (DEPENDENT)
VARIABLE, CONSTANT VARIABLES
 COLLECT AND RECORD DATA
RV

COLUMN FOR
COLUMN FOR
THE
RESPONDING
MANIPULATED
VARIABLE
VARIABLE

MV
 COLLECT AND RECORD DATA
PENDULUM DATA TABLE
VALUE OF NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS
VARIABLE
VARIABLE TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 AVERAGE
10

20
WEIGHT (g)
30

40
 CONSOLIDATED DATA FOR PENDULUM SWING
INVESTIGATION
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SWINGS IN 15 SECONDS
VALUE OF
VARIABLE GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP GROUP
VARIABLE GROUP 6
1 2 3 4 5 7
10 9 8 10 10 10 9 10

WEIGHT 20 10 9 10 10 10 9 10
(g) 30 10 9 10 10 10 9 10.5
40 10 10 10 10 10 9 11
 INTERPRETING DATA AND
CONCLUSION

• BASED ON THE DATA, WHAT CAN YOU

CONCLUDE? ACCEPT OR REJECT
HYPOTHESIS?
 REFLECTION
• DID YOU OR DID YOU NOT USE THE
INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS
SKILLS?
• IF YES, WHEN?
 WHAT DID YOU DO?
IDENTIFES ALL VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE
IDENTIFIED VARIABLES
SWING OF THE PENDULUM
CONTROLLED (KEEP CONSTANT) ALL THE
CONTROLLING
VARIABLES EXCEPT THE ONE YOU’RE
VARIABLES
EXPLORING
FORMULATED EG. “IF I INCREASE THE HEIGHT OF THE DROP,
HYPOTHESES FOR THE PENDULUM WILL SWING FASTER”
EACH VARIABLE
CHANGING THE VALUE OF THE VARIABLE AND
TESTED THE
COLLECTING DATA FROM AT LEAST 3 SEPARATE
HYPOTHESES
TRIALS

DEFINING SPEED OF THE PENDULUM IN TERMS OF THE

OPERATIONALLY NUMBER OF SWINGS IT MAKES IN 15 SECONDS

• HOW TO SET UP APPARATUS

PLANNING EXPERIMENT • HOW TO INVESTIGATE ALL THE VARIABLES
• HOW TO COLLECT DATA
LOOKING AT THE RESULTS TO SEE IF THE
INTERPRETING DATA
VARIABLES HAD ANY EFFECT
 PEKA UPSR

ACTIVITY CODE
*Based on the Science Curriculum Specification (KBSR), the activity
code refers to:
Year/Theme/Learning Objective/Learning Outcomes
eg. 3/1/1.2/1
 Instrumen Pemantauan (Senarai Semak)
Pentaksiran Berasaskan SekolaH
1 8 Kes-kes khas
Jawatankuasa Pentaksiran Berasaskan_Sekolah
a) calon menumpang
a) Carta Organisasi
b) calon pindah
b) Surat Perlantikan
c) calon sakit berpanjangan
c) Minit mesyuarat disediakan & diedarkan
d) kes disiplin
d) Jadual kerja pentaksiran
e) lain-lain
2 9 Status kelengkapan
Dokumen Kurikulum & Pentaksiran
a) Pekeliling PBS a) saiz / kelulusan yg sesuai
b) Surat perlantikan pentaksir b) utiliti (bekalan elektrik / air) tersedia
c) Sukatan Pelajaran c) keselamatan
d) Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran d) susun atur
e) pengurusan & kebersihan
f) kelengkapan perabot
g) alat tangan
h) mesin mudah alih
i) mesin pegun
j) stok & inventori
k) bahan pentaksiran
l) stor bahan / alatan
m) tempat penyimpanan eviden
3 Jadual Kerja Pentaksiran 10 Taklimat & Pemakluman

a) disediakan a) Taklimat kepada murid

b) diedarkan b) Taklimat kepada ibubapa
c) dipamerkan c) Surat pemberitahuan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah
4 Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran 6 Fail Pentaksir

a) Semasa pengajaran & pembelajaran a) borang skor individu

b) di luar waktu pengajaran & pembelajaran b) borang gred induk
c) disimpan dgn selamat
5 Portfolio murid 7 Fail Penyelarasan

a) rekod penyerahan eviden a) Borang maklumat pentaksir & penyelaras

b) borang pergerakan eviden b) Borang penyelarasan skor
c) borang skor individu c) Laporan penyelarasan
d) evidens (produk, artifak,, rakaman)