WINE

In Egypt, there's the earliest known physical evidence of wine, which dates back
to 5000 BC. The drawing and painting inside the Egyptian tombs clearly displayed
their knowledge of wine making, especially the painting inside the Theban tomb,
which depicts the whole process of wine making, from gathering grapes to storing
wines in large jars .

Wine production started very early on in the Egyptian Civilisation. The first
evidence of wine brewing appeared on the stoppers of wine jars from the
Predynastic and Thinite periods . Large quantities of wine jars were discovered in
the tombs of Early Dynastic nobles, signifying an early appreciation for wine, as
well as its consumption by the upper classes for the most part . Like meat, wine
was a valuable commodity and was mostly only found in festivals and on special
occasions

Wine in ancient Egypt was not only used in a ceremonial event, it was also found
to be a form of medication. Around 1500 BC, about 15 percent of their doctor's
prescription included beer or wine. Most likely, wine was used as a pain reliever.

Wine has always been a glorified product in the ancient, as well as the modern,
worlds. It was considered a food due to its nutritious content, and was used in
medicine.
Steps in making Wine:
1. Harvesting
2. Treading
3. Pressing
4. Fermentation
5. Bottling and Sealing
6. Labelling and Storing
LIBRARY
Libraries and archives were known to many ancient civilizations
in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Syria, Asia Minor, and Greece, but the
earliest such institutions were of a local and regional nature,
primarily concerned with the conservation of their own
particular traditions and heritage.

The idea of a universal library, like that of Alexandria, arose only

after the Greek mind had begun to envisage and encompass a
larger worldview. The Greeks were impressed by the
achievements of their neighbours, and many Greek intellectuals
sought to explore the resources of “Oriental” knowledge. There
is literary evidence of Greek individuals visiting Egypt especially
to acquire knowledge: e.g., Herodotus, Plato (particularly in
Phaedrus and Timaeus), Theophrastus, and Eudoxus of Cnidus
(as detailed by Diogenes Laërtius in the 3rd century CE).
 WHEEL
The oldest known wheel found in an archaeological excavation is
from Mesopotamia, and dates to around 3500 BC. This period was
known as the Bronze Age, which is a relatively late chapter in the
story of the development of human civilisation. By this time, human
beings were already planting crops, herding domesticated animals,
and had some form of social hierarchy.

The wheel that we take for granted today was a relatively late
invention, the oldest horse or ox cart wheel is dated to around
4,500 years ago. Pottery wheels are older and toy wheels are
slightly newer.

One of the reasons why the wheel was invented only at this point in
history is due to the fact that metal tools were needed to chisel
fine-fitted holes and axles. This leads to the next reason – the wheel
was not just a cylinder rolling on its edge. It was a cylinder that was
connected to a stable, stationary platform. This wheel-axle concept
was a stroke of genius, but making it was a challenge. The ends of
the axle, as well as the holes in the centre of the wheels had to be
nearly perfectly smooth and round.