BILGE SYSTEM

is a drainage system that handles:

• Flooding in each of compartments due to
grounding/collision (Main function)
• Flooding due to :
– water-splash over hatches (rain, bad weather, etc.)
– Leaks on welding roots
– Condensation on side shell
– Leaks on piping systems (particularly in E/R)
– etc
 SOLAS REQMNT ON BILGE SYSTEM
 2.6 Provision shall be made for the drainage of enclosed
cargo spaces situated on the bulkhead deck of a passenger
ship and on the freeboard deck of a cargo ship, provided that
the Administration may permit the means of drainage to be
dispensed with in any particular compartment of any ship or
class of ship if it is satisfied that by reason of size or internal
subdivision of those spaces the safety of the ship is not
thereby impaired. (SOLAS Chapt II-1, Reg 35-1)
 All bilge pipes used in or under coal bunkers or fuel storage
tanks or in boiler or machinery spaces,including spaces in
which oil-settling tanks or oil fuel pumping units are situated,
shall be of steel or other suitable material
(SOLAS Chapt II-1, Reg 35-1)
 BILGE SUCTIONS
(BKI Vol 3, Section 11)
• Bilge lines and bilge suctions are to be so arranged that the
bilges can be completely drained even under non-favourable trim
conditions.
• Bilge suctions are normally to be located on both sides of the
ship. For compartments located fore and aft in the ship, one bilge
suction may be considered sufficient provided that it is capable of
completely draining the relevant compartment.
• Bilge suction are to be so arranged as not to impede the
cleaning of bilge and bilge wells. They are to be fitted with easily
detachable, corrosion resistant strums.
BILGE SYSTEM: Lloyd Register, Section 4
 BILGE WELLS
BKI Volume 2 Section 8
5.3. Bilge Wells
• Bilge wells shall have a
capacity of more than 0,2
m3. Small hold may have
smaller bilge wells. For
the use of manhole
covers or hinged covers
for the access to the bilge
suction, see rule for
machinery installations.
Volume III, section 11.
bilge wells are to be
separated from the shall.
Section 29 , F.5, shall be
applied analogously.
ARRANGEMENT OF BILGE SYSTEMS
(RING TYPE)
ARRANGEMENT OF BILGE SYSTEMS
(INDEPENDET TYPE)
 TYPES OF BILGE SYSTEMS
1. Bilge System in Compartments
(Clean Bilge System):
 As General Service
System.
 Referring to Class’ Rules
 Directly discharged
onboard
 Including that of in E/R
and pump room
2. Bilge System in Cargo Tanks
of a Tanker:
 By means of existing
Cargo pump.
 OWS need to be provided
on O/B (marpol
regulation).
 Can also be using
independent pumps
3. Bilge System in ER & of a
Tanker’s Cargo Pump Room
(Oily Bilge System):
 To drain leaks in ER
(discarges, leaks on joints
of piping, pumps, flanges
etc.)
 Shall be equipped with
OWS before discharging to
O/B (Marpol reglt’n max 15
ppm oil content)
 Separate systems from
Main Bilge System.
 Dimensions of pipes and
pump: by design not by
rules
 For drainage in ER due to
flooding, the bilge system
is using Main Bilge Pump
 BILGE SYSTEM’S COMPONENTS
MAIN BILGE SYST OILY BILGE
(CLEAN BILGE SYSTEM
SYST) (E/R BILGE
1. Suction Well SYSTEM)
2. Branch pipes 1. Suction Well
3. Main pipes 2. Suction pipes
4. Valves and fittings 3. Oily Bilge Pump
5. Bilge Pumps 4. Oily Bilge Tank
6. Overboard 5. OWS & OWS pump
6. OCM / ODM (oil content
monitor / oil discharge
monitor)
 LAYOUT OF BILGE LINES
 Shall be able to pump out the flooding in any conditions
(pay attention on the trim condition  hence location of the
pumps as lowest as possible on the double bottom/ tank
top)
 Bilge suction shall be provided at ps & sb (aft of
compartment), except at fore & aft –end of the ship (one
suction only).
 Compartment in front of FP and after AP not to be
connected with bilge lines
 Diameter and thickness of bilge pipes shall refer to Class
Rules
 Bilge lines are NOT to pass through tanks containing: LO,
thermal oil, drinking water, and feed-water.
 If bilge lines (that no other option) have to pass through FO
tanks, then a Non-return valve must be provided on the
lines entering the FO tanks
SUCTION WELLS
 Min 2 units (ps & stb) at aft of compartments,
except at fore and aft of vessel 1 well
 for L comp > 30 m min 3 wells
 Volume of well < 0,57 m3, and H < 0,5 H d/b
 Detachable and Corrosion-proof
 E/R shall be provided with:
 wells for ships’ flooding and for containing leaks form
piping systems (oily-water bilge system)
 suction well shall be directly connected (direct suction)
with suction lines of Main Bilge Pumps, or Independent
Bilge Pump (emergency bilge pump), or Cooling Water
Pump (provided with emergency valve )
Suction Well
in Cargo Hold
 BILGE PIPES
• Material: Steel Pipe Galvanized with regard
to BKI vol V (see Class-rules for material)
sect 4.
• Thickness: category M or D if passing
through ballast tank / no. schedule 80 or 120
(tabel 11.5 BKI vol III sect 11).
• Pipe joints: butt-weld or flanges (table 11.11
dan 11.12 BKI vol III sect 11).
• Class’ Surveyors are to examine the pipes if
no certificates provided.
 DIMENSION OF BILGE PIPES
• Inside Diameter of Main Pipe:
For dry cargo: 1.68 [(B+H)Lpp] 1/2 +25 [mm]
for Tanker: 3.0 [(B+H)Lc]1/2 +35 [mm]
(for tanker: Lc = length of ER from pump-room b’hd to AP
b’hd)
• Inside Diameter of Branch Pipes:
2.15 [(B+H)L comp]1/2 +25 [mm]
• Minimum Diameter: 50 mm (main and branch)
• Maximum Diameter: 200 mm
 BILGE PUMPS
• Capacity minimum =
5.75 x 10 (D main-pipe)^2 [m3/h]
• Tot Head = Hz + Hp + Hv + tot H-loss
 Hz = Elevation of well to o/b = (T+0.75m)
 Hp = (Pdisch– Psuct)/ρg
 Hv = (V2disch– V2suct)/2g ~ 0
 Tot H-loss = Total Head-loss calculated on the
longest line
 BILGE PUMPS
• Centrifugal pumps (self priming and electrically
driven) preferably Vertical types (space
constrain)
• Min 2 units (for cargo) dan 3 units (for passenger
vessel)
• The difference between Q pump no.1 and no.2
shall be within 85% and provided that Q of the
smaller pump > Q min
• Location: in E/R on d/b and fore of E/R (close to
s/c location)
• Pay attention on NPSH of the pump (refer to
pump’s spec)
BILGE PUMPING FOR MACHINERY SPACE / ER

On ships of more than 100 tons gross, the

bilges of every main machinery space must
be capable of being pumped as follows:
1. through the all ER’s bilge suctions connected
to the main bilge system.
2. through one direct suction connected to the
largest independent bilge pump and
3. through an emergency bilge suction connected
emergency bilge pump to the SW cooling
water pump of the main propulsion plant or
through another suitable emergency bilge
system.
BilgeBilge
pipespipes
on tank
on tank
top top
GENERAL
SERVICE
PUMP

Bilge
Valves Ba
Va llas
lv t
es
Bilge System
Cargo Hold Bilge System
Bilge Pipe Arrangement
 OILY BILGE SYSTEM
• To manage all leaks in ER and Pump Room (for
Tanker) to safely discharge to O/B.
• Oily-water leaks in E/R are from: SW lines,
Cooling systems, LO, FO, Sanitary, Sewage, etc.
• Marpol Regulation: max oil content to be
discharged to O/B is 15 ppm (new amendment
will be: 10 ppm).
• Pipe size: by design (approx. max 5% of fluids in
ER are leaking)
• Must be provided with OWS (Oily Water
Separator) including OCM (Oil Content Monitor)
ENG ROOM BILGE SYST (LR, sect 4)
OWS : MEPC 49/22/Add.2 ANNEX 13 Page 6
 OWS SYST (PRINCIPLE)

Bilge Oily Bilge

OWS
Suction Bilge Holding OWS
Pump
(in E/R) Pump Tank

Oil content
> 5 ppm
Oil content
< 5 ppm
OCM
O/B Water Oil
5ppm

Shore
Sludge Sludge
Connection
pump Tank
on open-deck
 OILY-BILGE SYST COMPONENTS (1)
1. E/R BILGE WELL
 To contain leaks of oily-water prior to be pumped
 Placed on lowest floor and aft of E/R
 Can be as Oily-Bilge Tank with opened cover
2. BILGE SUCTION:
 Provided with Bell-mouth and strainer and Deck-
Stem Valve (operable from ER grating floor)
3. OILY BILGE PUMP:
 To pump oily-bilge from Oily-wells to Bilge Holding
Tank
 Gear or Screw Pump with suitable capacity &
pressure
4. OILY WATER SEPARATOR (OWS):
 Type: Reverse Osmosis (RO) or Centrifuge,
 Equipped with OWS pump (separately supplied or
attached).
 OILY-BILGE SYST COMPONENTS (2)

6. OILY BILGE TANK (BILGE HOLDING TANK)

– To temporarily contain oily-water from ER bilge-
wells before processed through OWS
– To contain the discharge from OWS in case the
OWS discharge does not comply 15 ppm oil
content
– Shall enable re-circulation back from OWS to OWS.

7. SLUDGE TANK:
– To contain sludge from OWS.
– Shall be provided with High Level Alarm
– Connected to Int’l Shore-Connection for
discharging, by means of Sludge pp or existing
Oily bilge pump
 OILY-BILGE SYST COMPONENTS (3)
CAPACITY OF SLUDGE TANK (Ref: Marpol Annex I (reg 12)

CAPACITY OF BILGE HOLDING TANK (Ref: Marpol Annex I (reg 12)

D = Days of voyage P = ME rating in kW

 OILY-BILGE SYST COMPONENTS (4)
8. SLUDGE PUMP:
– Shall be suitable for high viscousity oil sludge.
– ‘Self priming displacement pump’ with suitable means for
protection against dry running.
– Total head > 4 bar
– Capacity = [(Vol sludge tank) / 4 hours] but not less than 2
m3/hr

9. INT’L SHORE CONNECTION:

– For discharging connection to shore (ps & sb)
– Shall be provided with International standard of flange (ref
to marpol)

9. INCINERATOR (optional):
– Provided only for long route (to anticipate limited capacity
of sludge tank)
– The excess capacity of sludge will be burned by means of
incinerator
 INTERNATIONAL SHORE CONNECTION (ref Marpol)

Description Dimension
Outside diameter 215 mm
Inner diameter According to pipe outside diameter
Bolt circle diameter 183 mm
Slots in flange 6 holes 22 mm in diameter equidistantly placed on a
bolt circle of the above diameter, slotted to the flange
periphery. The slot width to be 22 mm
Flange thickness 20 mm
Bolts and nuts: 6, each of 20 mm in diameter and of suitable length
quantity, diameter
The flange is designed to accept pipes up to a maximum internal diameter of 125
mm and shall be of steel or other equivalent material having a flat face. This
flange, together with a gasket of oil-proof material, shall be suitable for a service
pressure of 600 kPa.
 Overboard Automatic actuated valve to
discharge control discharge of oily-water
(max 15 ppm to open)

Pneumatic lines for o/b discharge

control valve
Oily o/b discharge control
 VERIFICATION ON BILGE SYSTEM (1)
1. Components involved:
– Bilge pumps:
2 units, centrifugal, electrically driven, with sufficient capacity
[m3/hr] and pressure [bar] or [kg/cm2] or [mHead]  referred
to Class requirement calculation .
– Valves:
• SDNRV (Class matter) with manually operated or remotely
operated for suction and o/b
• BIDIRECTIONAL VALVES (Gate or Butterfly) for
interconnection between 2 pumps, interchanging flow
direction etc,
– Pipes: Steel Galvanized pipes with
• sufficient size [inch or mm], and
• at least Class III pipes (Class matter) or schedule of at least
no. 40
• Preferably class II pipes (or sch 80)
 VERIFICATION ON BILGE SYSTEM (2)
2. Scenario for flow lines: Check flow lines for:
a. If Using branch pipes ps & sb (Manually Operated).
Shall be able to drainage each of ps and sb bilge wells
» Using bilge pump no. 1  o/b
» Using bilge pump no. 2  o/b
b. If Using ring type (Remotely operated)
• Check all lines shall be able to pump out using:
» Bilge pump no.1 and /or Bilge pump no. 2
• Check all valves in tanks to be equipped with actuators:
» Pneumatic or hydraulic means
» Are valves normally closed or normally opened type

3. Direct suction & Emergency Bilge Lines:

make sure that in E/R there are 3 lines which connected to suction side
of Bilge Pumps, i.e: bilge suction, direct suction (using Bilge pumps),
and emergency bilge suction (using alternative pumps e.g: SW Cooling
pumps, Firemain pumps, or ballast pumps)
 VERIFICATION ON BILGE SYSTEM (3)
4. Oily-Water Bilge
System
a. Check on Flow lines
scenario:
• E/R bilge wells  oily-
water Bilge Pump 
OWS pump (attached or
separated to OWS) 
OWS  Oil Content
Monitor (OCM)  o/b.
b. Check on Discharging
scenarios:
• Mechanism for oil content
monitor out of OWS (IMO
regulation for 15 ppm max
 more than 15 ppm,
OCM mechanism shall
automatically shut-off the
o/b discharge and
directing the flow ti Bilge
Holding Tank
• OWS pump:
– attached or separate (if
separate, check capacity
and pressure of the pump)
– Suction from Bilge Holding
tank
• Discharge lines from OWS:
– o/b discharge with OCM
– Dishcharge to Bilge Holding
tank  for >15 ppm oil
content
– Disharge of sludge from
OWS to Sludge Tank/ Dirty
oil Tank
• Shore Connection for
discharging sludge from
reception tanks  shall using
Marpol standard flange
connection.
• Necessity for utilizing
Incinerator or Sludge tank
 VERIFICATION ON BILGE SYSTEM (4)

5. Possibility of using other system’s pumps (GS

pumps: Fire-main, Ballast, or cooling)
– Check whether flow lines work properly on using 2
pumps, i.e: Bilge main pump and other system’s
pump (fire or ballast).
– Check on diagram (if two systems drawn
separately): is there any lines showing from / to
other system (fire or ballast).
– Check on pumps: capacity and pressure / head of
the both pumps shall not less than 85% to each
other (Class requirement)
That’s all folks

Any questions ?