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Welcome To The CAT

Battle Field !!

DI-LR Webinar Session-5


Learn To Structure
the Cases-2
Agenda/Topics to Be Covered

 Ranking of Entities

 Assigning Values

 Understanding and Applying Constraints


Ranking of Entities
Amit, Basheer, Chris, Dharam and Esso are 5 friends. All of them are of different heights.
The tallest person’s position is numbered 1, the next tallest 2, and so on, till the shortest
whose position number is 5.

(a)The sum of Amit’s position number and Esso’s position number is equal to the sum of
Dharam’s position number and Chris’ position number.

(b)Chris is not the shortest and Amit is not the tallest.

(c) Chris is shorter than Amit, and Dharam is shorter than Basheer.
1. Who is the tallest?
a. Basheer b. Amit c. Esso d. Either Basheer or Amit
e. Cannot be determined

2. If Dharam is shorter than Chris, then the sum of the position number of which of the
following combinations is/are a perfect square?
a. Basheer and Amit b. Dharam and Esso c. Chris and Basheer
d. More than one of the above e. None of the above
3. If Dharam is shorter than Chris, then which of the following is true?

a. If made to stand in decreasing order of their heights, no two persons whose names start
with consecutive alphabets (as in the alphabetical series ) stand adjacent to each other.

b. The sum of the position number of Chris and Amit is equal to the position number of Esso.

c. The sum of the position numbers of Dharam and Esso is a prime number.

d. Basheer is not taller than Chris.

e. None of the above


In a cricket match, eleven players, A through K, scored different number of runs
against the opposite team. The first two top scorers are called openers and the
four lowest scorers are called tailenders.

• G is a tailender, but did not score the lowest runs.


• Only three persons scored more runs than K, who scored more runs than A and
C.
• C did not score more runs than A, who scored less runs than E. C is not a
tailender.
• E did not score more runs than F, who did not score the highest runs.
• There are at least three persons who scored more runs than E.
• The scores of four persons is between the scores D and B, D scored more runs
than B.
• H scored more runs than I, who did not score less runs than G.
1. Who scored the lowest runs?
a. B
b. J
c. C
d. E

2. How many persons scored more runs than than G and less runs than K?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
3. If C’s score is 68 and F’s score is 100, then what can be the score of
E?
a. 56
b. 67
c. 96
d. 105

4. In a certain way, if A is related to B and D is related to E, then in the


same way, who is related to K?
a. B
b. A
c. F
d. H
Solutions:
From ii, iii and v, K scored the fourth highest, E scored the fifth highest. A
scored the sixth highest and C scored the seventh highest runs.
From i, vi and vii, D scored the third highest runs, B scored the fourth
lowest runs. H scored the highest runs or the second highest runs and I
scored the third lowest runs or the second highest runs.
From iv and the above, J scored the lowest, F scored the second highest
runs, I scored the third lowest runs and H scored the highest runs.
Therefore the final arrangement is
H>F>D>K>E>A>C>B>I>G>J
ANSWERS
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. C
ASSIGNING VALUES
In a shop, five articles – P, Q, R, S and T – are to be sold. The cost price and the selling
price of each of the five articles are among Rs. 650, Rs. 700, Rs. 750, Rs. 850 and Rs. 900.
The cost price of the articles is different and also the selling price of each of the articles
is different. For any articles, the selling price is not equal to its cost price.

The cost price of article R is equal to the selling price of article T. While selling R as well
as T the shopkeeper incurred a loss.

The cost price of Q is more than that of S and the shopkeeper obtained a profit by selling
Q.

The profit made by selling any article is more than Rs. 50. The profit made on any two
articles is not the same. The loss incurred on any two articles is not the same.

On only two articles, the shopkeeper made a profit. The profit/loss made on any article is
not Rs. 150.
1. What is the selling price (in Rs.) of article P?
a. 700 b. 750 c. 850 d. 900

2. What is the difference (in Rs.) between the cost price and the selling price of article S?
a. 50 b. 250 c. 200 d. 100

3. Which article’s selling price is Rs. 700?


a. Q b. R c. S d. T

4. Which of the following statements is true?


a. The selling price of S is Rs. 700 b. The profit made by selling P is Rs. 200
c.The cost price of T is not Rs. 750 d. None of these
Bajaj, a shopkeeper, has seven items – A, B, C, D, E, F and G – in his shops. The cost prices of
items are Rs.80, Rs. 90, Rs. 120, Rs. 100, Rs. 75, Rs. 60 and Rs. 125, not necessarily in the same
order. The selling prices (in binary system) of the given items are Rs. 111100, Rs. 10010110, Rs.
1001011, Rs. 1111101, Rs. 10101111, Rs. 1100100 and Rs. 110000, not necessarily in the same
order. It is also known that:

• The cost price of E, which is sold at a profit less than 30%, is equal to the average of the cost price of
B and that of G.

• The profit made on one of the items is twice the amount of profit made on exactly two other items.

• The selling price of the item on which the shopkeeper incurs a loss of 16.67% is 40% less than the cost
price of A.

• The profit made on the item that is sold at Rs. 150 is 25%.

• The profit (in base 8) on the item that is sold at Rs.175 is Rs. 62.

• The cost price of item C is 50% more than the cost price of F.

All the given numbers are in decimal system unless otherwise is mentioned.
1. What is the cost price of D?
a. Rs.75
b. Rs.125
c. Rs.100
d. Cannot be determined.

2. If the cost price of G is more than that of B, what is the absolute difference
between the maximum and minimum possible values of selling price of B?
a. Rs.12
b. Rs.25
c. Rs.40
d. Rs.48
3. What is the average of selling prices (in base 8) of C and E?
a. Rs.141
b. Rs.144
c. Rs.174
d. Cannot be determined.

4. What is the selling price of D?


a. Rs.125
b. Rs.100
c. Rs.150
Cannot be determined
The decimal equivalent corresponding to the given values of selling prices in binary system is
tabulated below:

Binary System Decimal System


111100 60
10010110 150
1001011 75
1111101 125
10101111 175
1100100 100
110000 48
Using condition V, since the profit made on the item the selling price of which is Rs.175 is
Rs.(62)8 = Rs.50, cost price of that item= 175-50= Rs.125.

From statement ii, it can be deduced that the selling prices of items whose cost prices are
Rs.75, Rs.100 and Rs.125 are Rs.100, Rs.125 and Rs.175 respectively.

Using condition iv, since the profit made on the item the selling price of which Rs.125 is 25,
the cost price of that item= 100/125*150= Rs.120

Using condition vi, either cost of item F is Rs.80 and that of item C is Rs.120, or cost price of
F is Rs.60 and that of C is Rs.90.

Using (iii), the selling price of the item on which a loss of 16.67% is incurred has to be Rs.75
and thus its cost price is Rs.90. Hence, the cost price of A is Rs.125.
Further analysis leads to the following table:

Selling Cost Price(Rs.) Item Profit/Loss(Rs.)


Price(Rs.)
60/48 60 F 0/-12

150 120 B/G 30

75 90 C -15

125 100 E 25

175 125 A 50

100 75 D 25

48/60 80 G/B -32/-20


1. Cost price of D = Rs.75

2. If the cost price of item G is more than that of B, then cost price of B is Rs.80.
The, selling price of B can be either Rs.48 or Rs.60.
Hence the required difference is Rs.12.

3. Average of selling prices of C and E=


(75+125)/2= Rs.100
(100)10= (144)8

4. Selling price of item D is Rs.100


Applying Constraints
The President of a club is elected through several rounds of voting by the members of the club.
Members of club can contest for the post of the President.
Four members – A, B, C and D – are the candidates in the fray. In each round of voting, the
candidate getting the least number of votes is eliminated and the candidate getting more number
of votes in the final round of voting is designated the President. While voting, in each round, each
member must vote as long as he/she is eligible to vote and must vote for exactly one candidate in
contention. But the candidates who are themselves in contention are eligible only as long as they
are still in the fray.
It is also known that;
• A member is eligible to vote for at most two candidates in all the rounds combined.

• Candidates A and B retained their votes from all previous rounds as long as they were in
contention.

• 25% of those who votes for candidate C in round 1, voted for candidate B in round 2.

• Half of those who voted for candidate C in round 1, voted for candidate B in round 3.

• In every round, all contestants who are in contention voted for themselves.
The following table shows some of the information regarding the voting pattern in the different rounds of
voting that happened:

Minimum votes
Maximum votes for
for
Round Total votes
Candidate Votes Candidate Votes

1 A 60 D 24

2 163 B 64 C 39

3 147
1. What is the number of votes cast for candidate C in round 1?
a. 24 b. 28 c. 32 d. 36 e. Cannot be determined

2. How many members who voted for candidate D in round 1, voted for candidate B in
round 2?
a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 e. Cannot be determined

3. Among the members who voted for candidate C in round 2 and were still eligible to
vote in round 3, what percent voted for candidate A in round 3?
a. 60.5% b. 65.2% c. 66.68% d. 72.5% e. None of these
4. Which of the following statements must be true?
I. Candidate A won the election in round 3 by a margin of three votes.
II. Sixteen candidates who voted for D in round 1, voted for C in round 2.
a. Only I b. Only II c. Both I and II d. Neither I nor II
e. Either I or II

5. What is the difference between the number of votes cast in round 1 and that in round 3
for candidate B?
a. 24 b. 26 c. 25 d. 23
e. None of these
The year is 2089. Beijing, London, New York, and Paris are in contention to host the 2096
Olympics. The eventual winner is determined through several rounds of voting by members
of the IOC with each member representing a different city. All the four cities in contention
are also represented in IOC.

 In any round of voting; the city receiving the lowest number of votes in that round gets
eliminated. The survivor after the last round of voting gets to host the event.

 A member is allowed to cast votes for at most two different cities in all rounds of voting
combined. (Hence, a member becomes ineligible to cast a vote in a given round id both
the cities(s) he voted for tin earlier rounds are out of contention in that round of voting.)

 A member is also ineligible to cast a vote in a round if the city n(S) he represents is in
contention in that round of voting.

 As long as the member is eligible, (S) he must vote and vote for only one candidate city
in any round of voting.
The following incomplete table shows the information on cities that received the maximum and
minimum votes in different rounds, the number of votes cast in their favour, and the total votes that
were cast in those rounds.

Round Total Maximum Votes Eliminated


Votes Cast
Cast City No. of City No. of
Votes Votes
1 London 30 New York 12
2 83 Paris 32 Beijing 21
3 75
It is also known that :

 All those who voted for London and Paris in round 1, continued to vote
for the same cities in subsequent rounds as long as these cities were in
contention. 75% of those who voted for Beijing in round 2 as well.

 Those who voted for New York in round 1, either for Beijing or Paris in
round 2.

 The difference in votes cast for the two contending cities in the last
round was 1.

 50% of those who voted for Beijing in round 1, voted for Paris in round 3.
1. What percentage of member from among those who voted for New York in round 1, voted
for Beijing in round 2?
a) 33.33 b) 50 c) 66.67 d) 75

2. What is the number of votes cast for Paris in round I?


a) 16 b) 18 c) 22 d) 24

3. What percentage of members from among those who voted for Beijing in round 2 and
were eligible to vote in round 3, voted for London?
a) 33.33 b) 38.10 c) 50 d) 66.67

4. Which of the following statements must be true?


a) IOC member from New York must have voted for Paris in round 2.
b) IOC member from Beijing voted for London in round 3.
c) Only a b) Only b c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b
Round Total L P B N
Votes
cast

1 82 30 24 16 12
2 83 30 24+3(N)+ 21 - 1 new
4(B)+1 member
New from N
votes

3 75 30+50%of 32+4(B)+1 - - 1 new


16(B in member
round1) from B
votes
In all 9 members could not vote in round3 [83-(75-1)] as both the countries they voted for –
New York and Beijing lost in the first two rounds. So the remaining members who voted for
Beijing in round2 (i.e. 21-9=12) are equivalent to the 75% of members who voted Beijing in
round1.

Hence members voting for Beijing in round 1 =12/.75=16

Total Votes in round 1=83-1=82

1. D

Members who voted for NY in round1 but for Beijing in round2=

9*100/12=75%

2. D

Votes for Paris in round1 = 24


3. D

Voters who voted for London in round3 but voted for Beijing in round2=
8/12*100=66.67%

Note: 9 out of 21 members of Beijing left)

4. A

Clearly the new member from NY voted for Paris in round2. Further the new
member from Beijing also voted for Paris in round3.
THANK YOU !!!

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