CLAUSES &

PHRASES
CLAUSES PHRASES
Aclause is a group of Aphrase is a group of
related words that related words that
contain both a subject does not include a
and a verb/predicate. subject or a verb, or
both.
CLAUSES PHRASES
Clauses may
be able to Aphrase cannot stand
alone as a sentence.
stand alone
as a
sentence
CLAUSES PHRASES
“Nobody really “On this bright and
wants to listen to sunny Monday
our presentation, morning, we are
but we’re making going to tell you
you anyway!” about Phrases and
Clauses.”
CLAUSES PHRASES
Spot the sentences and clauses.

• The woman ate her dinner quickly.

• I cannot move because my back hurts.
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
CLAUSES PHRASES

Spot the sentences and clauses.

• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence

• I cannot move because my back hurts.
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
CLAUSES PHRASES

Spot the sentences and clauses.

• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence

• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
CLAUSES PHRASES

Spot the sentences and clauses.

• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence

• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly. clause
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
CLAUSES PHRASES

Spot the sentences and clauses.

• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence

• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly. clause
• Josie could swim really quickly. sentence
• which was really smelly
CLAUSES PHRASES

Spot the sentences and clauses.

• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence

• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly. clause
• Josie could swim really quickly. sentence
• which was really happy. clause
CLAUSES PHRASES

Which of the following are phrases and clauses?

1.In my room
2.The cat went under the bed
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
CLAUSES PHRASES

Which of the following are phrases and clauses?

1.In my room phrase

2.The cat went under the bed
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
CLAUSES PHRASES

Which of the following are phrases and clauses?

1.In my room phrase

2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
CLAUSES PHRASES
Which of the following are phrases and clauses?

1.In my room phrase

2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
CLAUSES PHRASES

Which of the following are phrases and clauses?

1.In my room phrase

2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store phrase
5.Yet they tried
CLAUSES PHRASES
Which of the following are phrases and clauses?

1.In my room phrase

2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store phrase
5.Yet they tried clause
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a and a .
2. Aphrase stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a and a .
4. A clause stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a subject and a .
2. Aphrase stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a and a .
4. A clause stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. Aphrase stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a and a .
4. A clause stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. Aphrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a and a .
4. A clause stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. Aphrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a subject and a .
4. A clause stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. Aphrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a subject and a verb.
4. A clause stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
 CLAUSES PHRASES
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aphrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and

does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. Aphrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. Aclause has both a subject and a verb.
4. Aclause can stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
CLAUSES PHRASES

HOW MANY TYPES ARE THERE?

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Noun

Verb

Absolute

Dependent Preposition
(fragment) infinitive
Subordinate gerund
independent Appositives
 CLAUSES PHRASES

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
CLAUSES
1. Independent

Is a complete sentence that MUST

HAVE a subject and a verb which
agree. It conveys a complete
thought.
CLAUSES
1. Independent

The frustrated, irritated

teachers finally understood the
basic grammar concepts.
CLAUSES
1.
An Independent clause
=
Sentence
 CLAUSES
2. Subordinate Dependent
Fragment

these cannot stand by themselves.

They must be combined with an
independent clause in order to make
sense.
 CLAUSES
2. Subordinate
Dependent fragment

“We want you to listen to this

presentation, because we think
it will be useful to you.”
 CLAUSES
2. Subordinate
2. Independent
Dependent
“We want you to
“We want you to listen to this
listen to this presentation,
presentation, because we
because we think it will
think it will be be useful to
useful to you.” you.”
 CLAUSES

How can you

connect
clauses?
 CLAUSES

Coordinators

Relative
Pronouns
For Subordinators
And Who
Nor As Which
But Since That
Or Before Whom
Yet While whose
So Because
When
In case
 CLAUSES PHRASES

Coordinators
COMPOUND
For Subordinators
And COMPLEX Relative
Nor As Pronouns
But Since RELATIVE
Or Before Who
Yet While Which
So Because That
When Whom
In case whose
 CLAUSES PHRASES

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent

Relative Noun
(Adjectie)
Adverbial
 CLAUSES PHRASES

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent

Relative Noun
(Adjectie)
Adverbial
 CLAUSES
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
PHRASES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective

It answers
questions such Relative
as Relative Pronouns
adverbs Who
*which one? When Which
*what kind? Where That
*how many? why Whom
whose
 CLAUSES
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
PHRASES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Examples:

When we go to the movies, we always

buy popcorn.

Those are the two children who walked

out of the store

………that helped us
 CLAUSES
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
PHRASES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective

Essential Nonesential

You need it
 CLAUSES
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
PHRASES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective

Essential Nonesential

Laura and her friend Juliette,

who is the oldest of the two,
enjoy spending time
together.
 CLAUSES
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
PHRASES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective

Essential Nonesential

Laura and her friend Juliette,

,
enjoy spending time
together.
 CLAUSES
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
PHRASES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective

Essential Nonesential

Laura and her friend Juliette,

,
enjoy spending time
together.
 CLAUSES PHRASES

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent

Relative Noun
Adjective
Adverbial
 CLAUSES PHRASES

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent

Relative Noun
Adjective
Adverbial
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

John did his homework before he went to bed.

Independent dependent
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

John did his homework before he went to bed.

Independent dependent
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

If you help me, I will help you!

Independent dependent
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

If you help me, I will help you!

Independent dependent
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

She is ver y fit because she goes running ever y day.

Independent dependent
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

She is ver y fit because she goes running ever y day.

Independent dependent
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

After the movie was over, we went out to eat.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

After the movie was over, we went out to eat.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

He doesn’t know what he’s going to do now

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

He doesn’t know what he’s going to do now

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

The kids who star ted out with the highest scores actually finished near the bottom.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

The kids who star ted out with the highest scores actually finished near the bottom.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

That histor y test, which was supposed to be so hard, turned out to be quite easy.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

That histor y test, which was supposed to be so hard, turned out to be quite easy.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

I won’t be able to go to college unless I get a good grade in chemistr y.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

I won’t be able to go to college unless I get a good grade in chemistr y.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

What I did yesterday is none of your business.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

What I did yesterday is none of your business.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

Whatever you want to do for your birthday is fine with me.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

Whatever you want to do for your birthday is fine with me.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

While the local people were tr ying to escape, the tsunami washed over their town.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of the clause

While the local people were tr ying to escape, the tsunami washed over their town.

Noun clause Adverb clause

Relative ( adjective) clause

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Noun

Verb

Absolute

Dependent Preposition
(fragment) infinitive
Subordinate gerund
independent Appositives
CLAUSES PHRASES

Noun

Verb

Absolute

Preposition
infinitive
gerund
Appositives
CLAUSES PHRASES

1. Noun Phrase
Acomplete subject with all its modifiers

The frustrated, irritated teachers...

• Noun: teachers
• Modifiers: the, frustrated, irritated
CLAUSES PHRASES

2. Preposition

The frustrated, irritated teachers enrolled

in Mr. Ruff’s “Grammar for Dummies” class.

• preposition - in
• object of the preposition - class
• modifiers – Mr. Ruff ’s, “Grammar for Dummies”
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.

1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.

2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.

1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.

2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.

1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.

2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.

1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.

2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.

1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.

2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
CLAUSES PHRASES

3. Appositives

Anoun phrase that renames the noun it follows.

Brad Ruff, the grammar guru, empowers teachers.

CLAUSES PHRASES

4. Verb phrase

Defined as a verb with all of its modifiers

…would like to improve her grammar skills.

• Verb phrase - would like to improve

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of phrase

As a souvenir, Mar y bought herself a beautiful, oval-shaped, soft pink pearl.

Noun Absolute infinitive gerund Appositives Preposition Verb

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of phrase

As a souvenir, Mar y bought herself a beautiful, oval-shaped, soft pink pearl.

Noun Absolute infinitive gerund Appositives Preposition Verb

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of phrase

Once at the beach, they all settled down on lounge chairs.

Noun Absolute infinitive gerund Appositives Preposition Verb

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of phrase

Once at the beach, they all settled down on lounge chairs.

Noun Absolute infinitive gerund Appositives Preposition Verb

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of phrase

Patricia would have gone for a walk to explore the surroundings had
others been interested.

Noun Absolute infinitive gerund Appositives Preposition Verb

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Identify the type of phrase

Patricia would have gone for a walk to explore the surroundings had
others been interested.

Noun Absolute infinitive gerund Appositives Preposition Verb

 CLAUSES PHRASES

Noun

Verb

Absolute

Dependent Preposition
(fragment) infinitive
Subordinate gerund
independent Appositives
CLAUSES PHRASES
Has a
subject Not a full sentence

Can

Clause
express a Can have
Not a

Phrase
Has a verb a subject
complete complete
thought or a verb
thought
or neither

Prepositional phrase
Independent &
Dependent=Subordinate Adjective phrase
Adverb phrase
Verb phrase
CLAUSE PHRASES
S