5G NR

Introduction

W W W. C A F E T E L E . C O M
5G INTRODUCTION
NR
Diverse opportunities with 5G
5G addresses Industries and consumers

5G
3G 4G
2G

MULTIPLE INDUSTRIES
VIDEO Any device can provide access to
BROWSING the content and enable
Smartphones
VOICE Feature phones and new business opportunities across
popularization and mobile
Massive mobile voice mobile broadband industries
data traffic exponentially
communication introduction
increase
NR (“New Radio”) is the new 5G radio-access technology being
developed by 3GPP. The technical work on NR was initiated in the
spring of 2016 with the first release, being part of the 3GPP release
15, of the NR specifications finalized by the end of 2017. This first
release is limited to non-standalone NR operation, implying that NR
devices rely on LTE for initial access and mobility. The final release-
15 specifications, to be available in June 2018, will also support
stand-alone NR operation. The difference between stand-alone and
non-stand- alone operation is primarily affecting higher layers and
the interface to the core network; the basic radio technology is the
same in both cases.
5G System Overview

5G Requirements and use cases

 A new industrial revolution
5G – enabling the 4th industrial revolution

• We are at the beginning of a revolution that is changing how we

live, work and relate to each other. According to Professor Klaus
Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic
Forum, the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) will be characterized by a
range of technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud,
robotics and virtual reality.
• These technologies will fuse together physical, digital and biological
domains to increase their agility and provide higher capacity, and
will significantly impact global economies and industries.
 A new industrial revolution
• 5G and the cloud will be integral parts of the 4IR, improving business processes
and driving new applications in an expanded range of markets and sectors. These technologies will
herald greater automation with augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) and AI, with
programmability to ensure efficient and timely execution and delivery of activities, goods and
services.
Heterogeneous use cases diverse requirements

ITU-R 3GPP
Technical report for the
Recommendation study item:
M.2083, 8 key
capabilities are TR 38.913- scenarios and
identified, at high level, Requirements for Next
for IMT-2020 Generation Access
Technologies

NGMN’s 5G White
Paper providing
consolidated 5G operator
requirements.
March 2015
The NGMN White Paper has been endorsed by the following NGMN Board Members:
MGMN White paper
5G use case families and related examples

• 5G will support
countless emerging use
cases with a high
variety of applications
and variability of their
performance attributes:
• From delay-sensitive
video applications to
ultra-low latency
• From high speed
entertainment
applications in a vehicle
to mobility on demand
for connected objects
• From best effort
applications to reliable
and ultra-reliable ones eight use case families defined by MGMN
such as health and
safety.
 NGMN Requirements
User Experience System Performance
 1 ms latency  Up to several 100000/km2
 1Gb/s (indoor) 50 Mb/s  For MTC devices
(everywhere)  Enhanced Spectral
 Mobility on-demand efficiency
 Improved Coverage
 Enhanced, Signaling
efficiency
Enhanced Services
 Ultra-high reliability rate of 99.999%
 Network based positioning
(accuracy from 10 m to <1 m at 80%
of occasions)
 Network security
 Resilience and high availability
 User identity and protection of the
users’ trusted information

Device Requirements New Business Models Operation and Management

 Aggregation of flows from different tech
 For more details please  For more details please
 Multiple bands/modes smart devices
check the NGMN 5G White check the NGMN 5G White
 High degree of programmability &
Paper Paper
configurability by the network
 Low cost MTC devices
 Battery life:3 days (smartphone)15 years
(MTC device)
 Flexible and dynamic UE capability
 From IMT Advanced to IMT 2020 (1/2)

ITU-R Recommendation M.2083:

8 key capabilities are identified, at high level,
for IMT-2020.

The potential target requirements in this

spider chart are only targets for research and
investigation and subject to further research.

Source: Rec. ITU-R M.[IMT.VISION]

 3GPP Requirements
Performance Measure Requirement
Peak data rate DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps]

: Peak spectral efficiency DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz]

Spectrum Scalability Yes
Bandwidth Reference to IMT-2020
Bandwidth Scalability Yes
Control plane latency [10 ms]
UP latency URLLC, one-way [0,5 ms]
UP latency eMBB, one way [4ms]
Latency for infrequent small packets 10s / 20byte packet
Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) [0 ms]
Mobility Up to 500 km/h
Inter-system mobility Yes
Reliability [1-10-5] in [1ms]
 3GPP Requirements
Performance Measure Requirement
UE Battery life 10-15 years

UE energy efficiency Inspection (Qualitative)

Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. 3xIMT-A requirement

Area traffic capacity 10Mbps/m2 [ITU]

TRP spectral efficiency [3x IMT-A requirement]

User experienced data rate 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]

User sp. eff. at 5% percentile [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement]

Connection density [1,000,000 devices/Km2]

NW energy efficiency Qualitative & Quantitative KPI

eMBB Extreme coverage 140/143 dB loss MaxCL (2/1(DL))

IoT Coverage MCL [164dB] for [160bps]

Support of wide range of services Yes

The minimum connectivity target has been set to a maximum coupling loss (MCL)1 of 160 dB where the achievable uplink data rate is around 1
kbps.2 This can be compared to an MCL of 144 dB for broadband LTE with up to 1 Mbps in downlink and a few 10s of kbps in uplink.
 Definitions of the requirements
The definitions of the requirements related to 5G RAN (Radio Access Network) are given in the
following sub-clauses. Subset of the ‘candidate’ requirements may be applied to each use
case. Qualitative or Quantitative requirements will be given in later stages of the study
considering corresponding use cases as well as applicable technologies.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth or sum of bandwidths that can be supported by a 5G RAT in order to provide a radio communication link
between transmission entities to receiving entities should be defined. Scalable bandwidth which is the ability of 5G
RAT to operate with different bandwidth allocations could be defined. The bandwidth may be supported by single or
multiple RF carriers. The width of the bandwidths should be defined quantitative manner such as the minimum
bandwidth supported or the maximum bandwidths supported. The purpose of this requirement is to define
bandwidth that 5G RAT to utilize. Plural bandwidths of different widths may be defined in conjunction with use cases
considered.

Transmission/ Reception Point (TRP) spectrum efficiency

Transmission / Reception Point spectral efficiency is defined as an aggregate throughput of all users
divided by the channel bandwidth divided by the number of transmission/reception point. The
aggregate throughput can be defined as the number of correctly received bits, i.e. the number of
bits contained in the service data units (SDUs) delivered to Layer 3 over a certain period of time
MCL
Maximum Coupling Loss has been chosen by 3GPP as the metric to evaluate coverage of a radio access technology. In theory, it can be defined
as the maximum loss in the conducted power level that a system can tolerate and still be operational (defined by a minimum acceptable
received power level). MCL can be calculated as the difference between the conducted power levels measured at the transmitting and receiving
antenna ports as the reference point, the directional gain of the antenna is not considered when calculating MCL.

Latency
Latency could be defined either for control plane feature or user plane feature. In case control plane (C-Plane) latency is given, it could be
measured as the transition time from different connection modes, e.g., from idle to active state. Ultimate requirements may be defined with
actual mode states (to be defined) or use scenes (to be defined) between which ‘control plane (transfer) latency’ will be defined. In case
user plane latency (also known as transport delay) is given, it could be defined as the one-way transit time between an SDU packet being
available at the IP layer in the TRPs (the user device and the base station) and the availability of this packet (protocol data unit, PDU) at IP layer
in the TRPs. User plane packet delay could include delay introduced by associated protocols and control signaling assuming the user terminal is in
the active state.

Mobility
Mobility requirements are given as the maximum moving speed of a user device (terminal) at which the device can provide certain quality of
communication link to a TRP (aka a base station).

Mobility interruption time

The mobility interruption time could be defined as the time duration during which a user device cannot exchange user plane packets with any base
station.
Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency could be defined for TRPs of 5G RAT as their energy consumption ratio (the increase of energy
consumption) between no or limited user traffic cases to fully traffic loaded operation cases. For the devices,
energy efficiency could be defined as their operational lifetime.

Peak data rate

Peak data rate could be defined as the maximum data rate that a user device transmits or receives under an
ideal condition.

User experienced data rate

User experienced data rate could be linked to the CDF of xth percentile user spectral efficiency and the bandwidth
for the data transmission.

Area traffic capacity

Area traffic capacity corresponds to the total traffic throughput served per geographic area (in bit/s/m ). This can
2

be linked to the TRP spectral efficiency and can be derived for a particular use case or deployment scenario
based on the achievable TRP spectral efficiency, network deployment (e.g., TRP (site) density) and bandwidth.

Connection density
Connection density is defined as the numbers of mobile device per area that can be connected to the system.
Reliability
The reliability can be defined as a success rate or success probability of data
transmission over a certain period of time and gives the reliability of the communication
link under certain conditions defined.

Coverage
Coverage is defined as cell range expansion functionality.
 REQUIREMENT COMPARISON IMT 2020 VS IMT ADVANCED
Parameter ITU-R ITU-R 3GPP 3GPP
s IMT-2020 IMT-Advanced LTE-A Pro New radio (NR)
Technolog
yBandwidth Up to 1GHz Up to 100 MHz Up to 640MHz Up to 1 GHz

DL 20 Gbps DL 1.5 Gbps DL 3 Gbps DL 20 Gbps

Peak data rate
UL 10 Gbps UL 0.675 Gbps UL 1.5 Gbps UL 10 Gbps

DL 30 bit/s/Hz DL 15 bit/s/Hz DL 30 bps/Hz DL 30 bit/s/Hz

Peak spectral efficiency
UL 15 bit/s/Hz UL 6.75 bit/s/Hz UL 15 bps/Hz UL 15 bit/s/Hz

User plane latency Max: 4 ms Max: 10 ms Max: 2ms Max: 0.5 ms

Control plane latency Max: 20 ms Max: 100 ms Max: 50 ms Max: 10 ms

Connection density 1 000 000 devices/km2 N/A N/A N/A

Three main 5G Use Cases

Extreme
Mobile
Broadband

Massive Critical
machine machine
communication communication
According to ITU-R studies major usage scenarios for the new 5G system can be largely classified into five categories:

1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband: Mobile Broadband addresses the human-centric use cases for access to
multimedia content, services and data. This usage scenario cov- ers a range of cases, including wide-area
coverage and hotspot, which have different requirements.
2) Ultra-reliable and low-latency critical communications: This use case has stringent requirements for
capabilities such as throughput, latency and availability. This maycover interactive games, sports,
communications to/from drones, robots and emergency communications. Some examples include wireless
control of industrial manufacturing or production processes, remote medical surgery,
distributionautomationinasmartgrid,transportation,safetyandsoon,andcanbereferredasmachinetypes
of communications.
3) Machine Type Communications (MTC): Two types of MTC can be distinguished: either massive or critical.
Massive MTC is characterized by a very large number of connected devices typically transmitting a relatively low
volume of non-delay-sensitive data. Devices are required to be low cost and have a very long battery life. Critical
MTC refers to applications such as traffic safety/control, control of critical infrastructure and wireless connectivity
for industrial processes. Such applications require very high reliability and availability in terms of wireless
connectivity, as well as very low latency

A later study by 3GPP added two other 5G use cases:

4) Network Operation that is enhanced with network slicing, routing, migration and interworking and energy
saving.
5) Enhancement of Vehicle-to-Everything: for example, autonomous driving, safety and non-safety aspects
associated with vehicles.
 5G requirements vs. Usage scenarios:

Performance Extreme Massive Critical

Measure Mobile Machine Machine
Broadband Communication Communication

Peak data rate H L L

User experienced
H L L
data rate
Latency M L H
Mobility H L H
Connection
M H L
density
Energy efficiency M H L
Spectrum
H L L
efficiency
Traffic volume
H L L
density
 5G use cases

BROADBAND and media Smart vehicles and Human machine

EVERYWHERE transport interaction

Sensor networks critical Control critical services and

of remote infrastructure CONTROL
devices
 5G use casES

BROADBAND and media Smart vehicles and Human machine Tactile

EVERYWHERE transport interaction internet

Connected
cars Smart houses
Surveillance
Autonomous
vehicles
Live TV at On-demand
scale anything Connected Immersive
Events Connected Immersive
trucks augmented Smart
platform bus-stops gaming
reality shipping/post

Sensor networks critical Control critical services and

of remote infrastructure CONTROL
Consumers & Factory
Utilities devices automation
Mission
Mission critical
Agriculture & Smart Remote Real-time utilities: Water
critical
Environment buildings & control of process active grid
Remote Public Safety utilities:
Cities heavy control surgery Energy active
machinery grid
 5G use cases

BROADBAND and media Smart vehicles and Human machine

EVERYWHERE transport interaction

3x
Extend usage Increased Ultra reliable
spectral
of high bands capacity “five nines”
efficiency
Increased data Increased Increased data
rates energy 1 million rates Ultra short
efficiency connections latencies
20/10 Gbps per km2 20/10 Gbps < 1 ms
DL/UL 5x DL/UL

Sensor networks critical Control critical services and

of remote infrastructure CONTROL
devices
Increased
Increased energy Ultra reliable Ultra reliable
capacity efficiency “five nines” “five nines”
1 million Ultra short Ultra short
100 x
connections latencies latencies
per km2 < 1ms < 1ms
Use case categories definition
Thanks