Roll no: 221651003 BS IR- III SUBJECT: ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT Topic: The Problem Of Extended Deterrence in Nato Arms Control and Disarmament (Edited by Paolo Foradori, Giampiero Giacomello and Alessandro Pascolini )
The Problem of Extended Deterrence in NATO
International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflict (ISODARCO) published collection of contributions made by leading experts of nuclear field during their participation in educational activities of International School of Disarmament and Research on Conflict ISODARCO. The Arms Control and Disarmament is that publication. This chapter is written by JANE M.O SHARP in which he explain the “PROBLEM OF EXTENDED DETERRENCE IN NATO”. Three dimensions that can be analyzed the American security reliability. 1.presumed adversary 2.reasurring to the European Allies and 3. Convincing to the US. North Atlantic Treaty Organization-NATO Second World War enough to deter the each European state from directly threatening the interest of the other. NATO was formed for deterring the Soviet Union from the attack on interests of European States and USA. Perceptions of American interest are as important as their assessments of American military capability in deterring Soviet aggression against Western Europe. Reassuring Allies It is a crucial aspect for NATO and called a flexible strategy for the success of the alliance. Degree of reassurance depends on perception of East-West military balance, geography,history of support in crisis, Images of adversaries, confidence on political leadership EXTENDED PROBLEMS One of the problem is The American policy- NATO’s security makers who advocate dilemma. US dilemma is cooperative behavior nuclear conflict on behalf toward the Soviet Union of European Allies and will often be the least NATO and tend to see reassuring to NATO as an unnecessary conservative Western drain on American European governments. resources and a restraint on unilateral American intervention in Third World trouble spot. European Dilemma is the Despite the inherent credibility of extended nuclear incredibility of a nuclear deterrence. France and Great guarantee, West European Britain never showed much confidence in the American expressions of confidence in nuclear guarantee and acquired the American nuclear their own nuclear deterrent forces. The conservative umbrella have been governments in Great Britain, important politically by France and West Germany were coupling American and West not at all enthusiastic about the double-zero Intermediate- range European security interests Nuclear Force INF agreement and,economically as forged by the United States and rationalising smaller non- the Soviet Union, since they believed this would generate nuclear forces in the West pressure to build up conventional European NATO countries forces in Western Europe. For European states the two concerns over deterrence are presence of American troops in Europe, and manifestation of American interest in the political and territorial independence of Western Europe. • Political confidence in • It is the lack of West United States leadership European confidence in counts greatly because the continued presence confidence in the United of American States can be shaken by conventional forces many different kinds of which suggest greater activities as when West European American leaders refuse independence from to negotiate with the Washington, if not Soviet Union, or when necessarily closer they intervene in Third rapprochement with the World trouble spots. East. • American administration must confront the basic dilemma of alliance , namely, how to establish a security regime with the Soviet Union that also reassures Western Europe. Specifically, the United States must find ways to make détente and arms control with the Soviet Union acceptable to conservatives in Western Europe. Nuclear Weapons are weapons of Mass Destruction. The states desire to increase their weapons because of security threat. After the 9/11 incident most of the states increase their weapons. Arms race was started between countries and they appeared bound to increase their weapons. Today’s the presence and proliferation of nuclear weapons is a threat to global security.