Talha Khan

IT Lecturer UOH
What is Computer Programming
• What is Program?

• How Human made the programs.

• What is computer programming?

• Computer Programming involves all the step, start from arising a

computational problem, to solve that problem.
Computer Programming Vs Coding
• Is computer programming and the coding are the same thing?

• NO, In fact coding is just a part of computer programming.

• Then what are other things in computer programming besides coding?

Introduction to Structured Programming
• What is Structured Programming:
• It is the programming style which aims to improve the quality, clarity of the
computer programming.

• Three Phases of Structured Programming

1. Top - Down analysis

2. Modular Programming

3. Structured Code
Top Down Analysis
• Top-down analysis looks at the “bigger picture” first, and then
analyses the details of smaller component.
Steps for Top Down Analysis
• Step1: Define the complete Scope of problem to be solved. It includes

• Input:
• What data to be processed?

• Process:
• What to do with the input data?

• Output:
• What information should the program produced?
Steps for Top Down Analysis
• Step 2: Division of Problem into separate parts.

• Step 3: Define the scope of each subdivided part and divide them
further into tasks.

• Step4: Repeat step 3 until simple task is reached which cannot be

subdivided.
Modular Programming
• It is a program designing style where the program is broken into
smaller independent units called as modules.

• It is solution to the problem of very large programs, that are difficult to

debug and maintain.
Advantages of Modular Programming
• Complex programs are divided into smaller modules which are more
manageable.

• Modular programmer can produce various module simultaneously,

thus saving production time.

• It leads to reusable code which can be used in other programs too.

• Debugging and finding error is easy

Structured Code
• Many languages that used “goto” statement has unstructured code as
the control of program is has been altered unconditionally.

• “goto” can be replaced with other statements to write a code in

structured manner.

• Structured Coding aims at introducing well organized code.

• To do so we will introduce other statements also called as control transfer
statements.
• In this way our code will remain the structured code and we will also get the
desired results.
 Advantages of Structured Programming
1. Improves the problem solving process

2. Better organization of program

3. Generalized Programming methodology

4. Clear description of data and structure

5. Programs are easily modifiable and documentable