CHAPTER 1: THE SOCIAL

SCIENCES AND THE THREE

FACES OF SOCIAL
Nikki B. Lucero, LPT
Cavite State University-Main Campus
 INTRODUCTION
• Society in its broader sense involves:

• SOCIAL
• (i.e., actions and interactions)

• CULTURAL
• (i.e., practices and traditions)

• POLITICAL
• (i.e., power relations)
THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND THE
THREE FACES OF SOCIAL
 COMMON GOAL

•Understand the “social”

•Explore how it drives the unfolding
of society as we know it.
 SOCIAL FORCE

• An element of society which has the capability of

causing cultural change or influences people.
• Any change
• Examples: Feminism and marches after Trumps
election
 SOCIAL FORCE

• Any change in music style is a social force, any

change in laws is a social force, any change in
technology is a social force, any change in
customs is a social force, any war is a social
force, any macro-level economic change will
be a social force, anything you can think of
that influences a large number of people is a
social force: elections, religions, spirituality,
sports, education, etc.
 CULTURE PRACTICES

•Generally refers to the

manifestation of a culture or sub-
culture, especially in regard to the
traditional and
customary practices of a particular
ethnic or other cultural group.
 POWER RELATIONS

• Power relations have always existed throughout

society where ever there is an ability of one
individual or group able to coerce, oblige,
command, direct or influence the life or lives of
others.
• Society can not exist without some sort of ordered
hierarchal arrangement; parents-children; teachers-
students; employer-employee, government-citizens.
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY AND POLITICS:
SOME KEY OBSERVATIONS
Nikki B. Lucero, LPT
Cavite State University-Main Campus
 CULTURE, SOCIETY AND
POLITICS AS CONCEPTUAL
TOOLS
•Culture, society and politics are
concepts(definition).
•They exist in the realm of ideas and
thoughts.
 STUDENTS AS SOCIAL BEINGS
•Our sociality is defined by the very
categories (male/female, rich/poor,
or tall/short and even the problematic
effect of the colour of our skin) that
we possess, the categories assigned
to us by society at large.
 STUDENTS AS SOCIAL BEINGS
•Of all the social labels attached to
members of society, GENDER
appears to be the most
fundamental, intrusive and limiting.
•The totality of our sociality has
already been constructed for us.
SOCIAL REALITIES:
BEHAVIOR AND
PHENOMENON
 BEHAVIOR AND
PHENOMENON
1.Istambay
2.Lagay
3.Food Taboos
4.Same-sex partnership
5.Use of a go-between/padrino
 VALUES AND BELIEFS AS BEHAVIOR
MOTIVATORS
• Motivators may be in the form of values and beliefs.
• Values
• Person’s or collectivity’s principles or standards/criteria of
behaviour and are considered judgement of what is
important in life.
• Belief
• Something one accepts as true or real.
• Form of firmly held opinion or conviction, regardless of the
lack of verifiable evidence.
SOCIAL DYNAMICS:
SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND
CULTURAL CHANGE
 PHENOMENON
1.Selfieing
2.Political Dynasty
3.Transnational Families
4.Youth Volunteerism
5.Video Gaming
 KUHA’RILI

• (a.k.a. Selfie)
• (Clipped version of
“kuha sa sarili”
[roughly equivalent
to “self-taken
photo”
LEFT WING
 ANARCHISM
•A belief that government
and laws are not necessary.
•Somalia is the only country
in the world where there is
no government.
 COMMUNISM
• A way of organizing a society in which the
government owns the things that are used
to make transport products (such as land,
oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no
privately owned property.
• Countries: China, North
Korea, Vietnam, Laos, and Cuba
 SOCIALISM
• A way of organizing a society in which
major industries are owned and
controlled by the government rather than
by individual people and companies.
• Countries: China, Denmark, Finland,
Netherlands, Canada, Sweden, Norway,
Ireland, New Zealand, and Belgium.
 LIBERALISM
•Belief in the value of social
and political change in
order to achieve progress.
•Countries: Sweden, Ireland,
France and Portugal.
RIGHT WING
 FASCISM
• A way of organizing a society in which a
government ruled by dictator controls the
lives of the people and in which people
are not allowed to disagree with the
government.
• Very harsh control or authority
• Country: Italy
 NAZISM
• The body of political and economic doctrines held
and put into effect by the Nazis (A member of a
German political party that controlled Germany
from 1933 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler/an evil person
who wants to use power to control and harm other
people especially race, religion, etc.) in Germany
from 1933 to 1945 including the totalitarian principle
of government, predominance of especially
Germanic groups assumed to be racially superior
and supremay of the f𝑢hrer.
ሷ
 MONARCHISM
•Of or relating to a monarch or
monarchy (kingly, monarchial,
princely, queenly, regal and royal)
•http://www.royaltymonarchy.com/
sovereigns/0000world.html
 CONSERVATISM
• Belief in the value of established and
traditional practices in the politics and
society.
• Dislike of change or ideas in the particular
area.
• Countries: Yemen, Vatican City, Bhutan,
Saudi Arabia and North Korea.
 SUBCULTURE
• A cultural group within a culture that differs in one or more ways from
the culture. This would include differences in interest, behaviors or
beliefs, like religion, ethnicity, and social or economic status.
• Examples:
• Bikers - people interested in motorcycles and often form groups that
travel together
• Bodybuilding - using certain exercises to build muscle
• Cosplay - a group involved with wearing costumes and role play
• Emo - started with the hardcore punk movement, attitudes and dress
are melodramatic
 EXAMPLES OF SUBCULTURE
• Hip hop - started in South Bronx in the 70s, includes break
dancing, graffiti, DJs combining two songs and rap music
• LGBT - sometimes referred to as the gay culture, includes
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people
• Military brat - children of parents in the armed forces
• Otaku - people obsessed with anime and manga
• Nudism - advocates both private and public nudity
• Skater - a skateboarding subculture
 REFERENCE
• Contreras, A. P., et. al. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.