ATOM, ION AND MOLECUL

What Is Atom?
 ATOM

Atom is the smallest part of an

element that still has properties of the
element.
How many atoms in humans?

8.000.000.000.000.000.
000.000.000.000

Wow!
Model Atom
 Demokritus

Democritus

Each substance or material is

composed of small particles
 John Dalton
• Dalton asserts that matter consists of atoms
1.Allmatter is composed of
atoms.
2.Atoms from elements are
identical.
3.Eachelement has a different
atom.
4.Atom can be changed by
reaction
 JJ. THOMSON

• Thomson's Atomic Theory is one of the theories that

tries to describe the shape of an atom, which is like
the shape of raisin bread. It is likened to raisin bread
because at that time Thomson assumed that atoms
were positively charged with the presence of
negatively charged electrons around them.
 ErNest RutherfOrd

Atoms have a positively

charged atomic nucleus
which is the center of atomic
mass. Electrons move
around the nucleus at a very
high speed
NiELS BOHR
• 1885 – 1962 Denmark,
1922 (nobel Fisika)
• Atoms have trajectories
or orbits of electrons
around the nucleus of an
atom, where the energy
of electrons remains
unabsorbed and does
not absorb
 STRUCTUR ATOM

He
Atomic Number
Amount of proton

4 Mass Number
Amount ofproton dan neutron

Amount of Electron= Amount Of Proton

 ION

• A positively or negatively charged atom is called

an ion.
• Positive charged ions are called cations
• Negatively charged ions are called anions Contoh
Na+ Ca+2 I- O-2
Na Ca I O
 kation & Anion
Atom releases 2 Atom receives
electrons. 1 electron

Mg --> Mg2+ + 2 e- F + e- --> F-

 -3 -2 -1
+1
+2

Release or accept aims to

achieve stability
 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

• Atom has skin K, L, M, N ...

• The number of electrons in each skin is
2n2, n is the number of skins.
Nitrogen konfiguration = 2 , 5

N
2 at skin K 7
2 + 5 = 7
5 at skin L
14
konfigurasi elektron dari:

20 11 8
a) Ca b) Na c) O
23 16
40

2,8,8,2 2,8,1 2,6

17 14 5
d) Cl e) Si f) B 11
35 28

2,8,7 2,8,4 2,3

 What is Molecul?
A molecule is a smaller part of a
compound.
 water

H H
O H2O
 Air
Nitrogen

N N

Oxygen

O O
Element molecules and
compound molecules
 A. Molecules
Element
Molecules Elements are molecules that consist
of only one type of atomic constituent.
Example : H2, Cl2, N2, I2, dan F2.
 Molecules Elements
Divided

• Diatomic Molecules
• that is a molecule consisting of two atoms.
• Polyatomic molecules
• that is a molecule composed of more than
two atoms.
Example of
Diatomic
Molecules
Example Of Polyatomic
Molecul
Phosfor
• Ozon Molecul(P4)
Molecul(O3)

O P P
O
O P P
Sulfur Molecul (S8)

S S

S
S

S S

S S
 B. Molecules
Compounds

• Molecules Compounds are molecules that are

composed of more than one type of
constituent atom.
Example Of Molecul
Compound