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  • Observation and Inference

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    RonalynAlonsabeBernadas
    79 vizualizări25 pagini
    Observations in science can be qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative observations describe qualities without measurements, while quantitative observations use numbers and measurements. Observations are facts gathered through the senses and tools, while inferences draw conclusions from those observations. The document provides examples to distinguish between observations, which objectively describe what can be seen, versus inferences, which interpret those observations. It emphasizes that good scientific practice is to record observations without including inferences.

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    Observations in science can be qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative observations describe qualities without measurements, while quantitative observations use numbers and measurements. Observations are facts gathered through the senses and tools, while inferences draw conclusions from those observations. The document provides examples to distinguish between observations, which objectively describe what can be seen, versus inferences, which interpret those observations. It emphasizes that good scientific practice is to record observations without including inferences.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    79 vizualizări25 pagini

    Observation and Inference

    Încărcat de

    RonalynAlonsabeBernadas
    Observations in science can be qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative observations describe qualities without measurements, while quantitative observations use numbers and measurements. Observations are facts gathered through the senses and tools, while inferences draw conclusions from those observations. The document provides examples to distinguish between observations, which objectively describe what can be seen, versus inferences, which interpret those observations. It emphasizes that good scientific practice is to record observations without including inferences.

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    Observations

    How we look at things in science


    What is observation?

    • Observations are made in science. They are


    made by using:
    • Senses
    • Tools
    – increase accuracy & precision
    • Facts not opinions.
    Two types of Observation

    • Qualitative

    • Quantitative
    Qualitative Observations

    • Hard to measure
    • Describes the qualities of something
    – Color
    – Taste
    – Sound
    Quantitative Observations

    • Can be expressed in numbers


    • Can be counted or measured
    – Amounts
    – Temperature
    – Mass
    – Length
    • Allow us to communicate specifics
    • Tools are used to communicate data
    • Observations are collected in data tables
    Inference

    • Drawing a conclusion based on data and observation


    • The process of drawing a conclusion from given
    evidence.
    Practice:
    • Observations:
    • I hear people screaming
    • I smell cotton candy, popcorn, and hamburgers
    • I see a lot of people
    • Inference = ?
    Observation Inference
    • That plant is extremely • That plant is extremely wilted
    wilted. due to a lack of water.

    • The car stopped running • The car stooped running


    because it was out of gas.

    • The Diamondbacks are • The Diamondbacks are leading


    leading their division their division because they are
    playing well right now.
    Observation
    or
    Inference
    1. There is a representation of a face on one side of
    the coin.
    2. The Latin word "Dei" means "God.“
    3. The coin was made by deeply religious people.
    4. The date 1722 is printed on one side of the coin.
    5. The coin was made in 1722.
    6. The face on the coin is a representation of the
    nation's president.
    Let’s Practice….
    Look at the picture & decide if the statement is an

    OBSERVATION
    OR
    INFERENCE
    The narrow windows were used as
    rifle slits.
    There was a garden located
    outside the Citadel.
    Gardens were an important part of everyday life during
    the military years on Alcatraz Island .
    People in the garden are in mourning.
    Men were required to wear jackets and
    women were required to wear dresses
    The citadel was made of brick.
    There is a picket fence.
    People used to spend more time outside.
    There are eight people in the photograph.
    The garden provided food for the families
    living on Alcatraz.
    There were no cannons on Alcatraz..
    Look at these two sets
    of animal tracks.

    List 3 OBSERVATIONS

    Make an INFERENCE
    Now what do you think?

    Make 3 OBSERVATIONS
    Make an INFERENCE
    Now what do you think?

    Make 3 OBSERVATIONS
    Make an INFERENCE
    When to use observation &
    inference…
    • During experiments, record observations
    NOT inferences

    • Inferences may be used when writing the


    conclusion in your lab report.
    References

    • www.middleschoolscience.com/...Observatio
    n_Inference-isn.ppt
    • www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/998
    • www.nps.gov/.../upload/Questioning_Artifac
    ts-Observation_worksheet.pdf

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