Life and Works of Rizal

RIZAL'S IMPRESSION OF AMERICA

POSITIVE IMPRESSIONS: BAD IMPRESSIONS:
- Progressive Nation - Racial Prejudice
- Great Cities - Absence of freedom
- Huge Farms and democracy in action.
- Flourishing Industries - No true civil liberty.
- Busy Factories
- American people were
energetic and hardworking
 -Persecution of the
May 25, 1888
Filipino patriots
Rizal travelled to London -Attacks on Rizal by
and involved himself to Senators Salamanca and
the following people: Vida
- Ma Antonio Regidor Persecution of Rizal's
- Beckett family family and other
- Reinhold Host Calamba Farmers.
While in London he - Exile of Manuel
received both bad and Hidalgo
good news: - Arrest and jailing of
Lauriano
37 Chalcot Crescent
Belsize Park, London
NW1 8YG
 September, 1888

Rizal then went to Paris

to search for more
historical materials in
the BIBLIOTEQUE
NATIONALE.
He was accompanied by
Juan Luna and his wife
Paz Pardo de Tavera
with their son Andres.
Rizal in Paris and Heildelberg
 December 11, 1888

Rizal went back to Spain

more specifically in
Madrid and Barcelona to
visit his compatriots
Marcelo Del Pilar and
Mariano Ponce to seal a
promise of fighting
against reforms.
 December 24, 1888

On Christmas eve he

returned to London and
spent his holiday with
the Beckett family. He
sent multiple gifts to his
friends and also he
received a gift in return.
 December 31, 1888

Association La Solidaridad
was established.
Officers:
Pres. – Galicano Apacible
V. Pres. – Graciano Jeana
Sec. – Manuel Maria
Treas. – Mariano Ponce
Acct. – Jose Panganiban
 January 28, 1889
January 14, 1889
Rizal wrote a
“International letter to the
Association of members of the
Filipinologist” Association La
Solidaridad.
 February 15, 1889

Graciano Lopez Jaena

founded La
Solidaridad in
Barcelona.
 Aims of La Solidaridad
 Peaceful political and Social
reforms
 To portray the deplorable
conditions
 To oppose the evil forces of
reaction
 To advocate liberal ideas and
progress
 Legitimacy of life, democracy
and happiness
 March 19, 1889
Rizal organized a
society called Kidlat
Club
 May 6, 1889

Rizal and his friends

attended the Universal
Exposition of Paris.
 June 24, 1889

Rizal stood as
baptismal godfather
to the baby of Juan
Luna and Paz Pardo
Marie de la Paz, Blanca,
de Tavera. Laureana, Hermenegilda
Juana y Pardo de Tavera
 Aim of the
August, 1889 Association
To study the Philippines
from Scientific and
Rizal scheduled the Historical point of view.
inaugural Officers:
convention of the Pres. – Blumentritt
“International V. Pres. – Edmund Plauchat
Association of Couns.– Dr. Reinhold Rost
Filipinologists” in – Dr. Antonio Regidor
Paris. Sec. – Jose Rizal
 December 25, 1889
September 21, 1889
Rizal and Jose
Albert have a
Rizal founded sumptuous
another society, Christmas dinner.
“Redencion de los
Malayos” in Paris; or
R.D.L.M. Society
 Why did Rizal left Paris?
January 15, 1890
1. The cost of living is very
Rizal returned to high and his money is
Paris and dwindling.
complained for a 2. The gay social life of the
terrible city that hampered his
literary works, especially
headache.
his novel, El
filibusterismo.
 June 20, 1890
Rizal wrote M. H. Del  He again wrote Ponce of
Pilar to serve as a lawyer
to his family in the SC of
Spain.
July 9, 1890
 Rizal wrote Mariano
Ponce of Graciano Lopez
Jaena’s plan of going to
Cuba.
July 18, 1890
his determination to go
home because of the
suffering that affected his
family.
July 29, 1890
He again wrote to Ponce
on his desire to leave
Brussels to go to Madrid.
 August, 1890

Rizal arrived in Madrid.

He immediately sought
the help of the Filipino
Colony through the August 19, 1890
Association-Hispano Rizal received a sad news
Filipina and the Liberal on the untimely death of
Spanish newspapers. his friend, Jose Ma.
Panganiban
 August 30, 1890 Rizal challenged
Wenceslao E. Retana, his
Rizal attended a social
bitter enemy to a duel.
reunion of the Filipinos
in Madrid.
September 6, 1890
Rizal’s friends and
relative were arrested,
shipped out of Calamba
and exiled in Mindoro.
 December, 1890 Later part of December, 1890
 Rizal and M. H. Del
Rizal received a letter Pilar were rivals for
from Leonor Rivera leadership supremacy.
announcing her coming
marriage to an January 1, 1891
Englishman and asking
 About 90 Filipinos met on
his forgiveness.
New Year’s Day to patch up
Rizal and Del Pilar’s
differences and to intensify
the campaign for reform.
 February 1, 1891 He fell in love with Nellie
of Nelly and courted her.
Rizal left Madrid for
Biarritz where he had a
brief vacation. February 4, 1891

M. H. del Pilar teased

Rizal to change the “O”
in Noli to an “e” which
means Noli to Nelly or
Nellie.
 February 7, 1891 March 29, 1891

Filipinos put up Rizal’s departure

“RESPONSIBLE”. from Biarritz to Paris.
– a leader to direct the He finished writing
affairs of the Filipino
the manuscript for El
community; and
– to determine the editorial Filibusterismo
policy of the La Solidaridad.
 April 4, 1891
Rizal wrote Ma. Basa of
his desire to go the
British colony.
April 15, 1891
Rizal went back to
Brussels and was
welcomed by the Jacoby
landladies and Suzanne
 May 30, 1891
May 1, 1891
Rizal almost completed
Rizal notified the the revision of El
Propaganda authorities in Filibusterismo and
Manila to cancel his readied it for printing.
monthly allowance. June 13, 1891
He also ceased writing
articles for La Rizal informed Basa that
Solidaridad. he was negotiating with
printing firm for the
printing of his Fili.
 July 5, 1891
October 3, 1891
Rizal left Brussels for
Ghent – a famous Rizal left Ghent for Paris,
university city in Belgium. two weeks after the
publication of the Fili.
August 7, 1891 From Paris, he went to
Marseilles
Rizal received a letter
Rizal boarded steamer
from M. H. Del Pilar
Melbourne and brought
requesting him to resume
with him 600 copies of
writing for the La
the Fili.
Solidaridad
 November 20, 1891 December 24, 1891
He arrived in Hongkong Rizal was gladdened by
and met his friends the arrival of his family.
He opened a medical clinic
and treated many December 25, 1891
patients.  It was one of the happiest
yuletide celebration in Rizal’s
December 21, 1891
life.
Rizal wrote his parents  They had a happy family
asking permission to reunion.
return home.
 January 31, 1892
Rizal wrote Blumentritt,
recounting their pleasant
life in Hongkong.
March 7, 1892
Rizal went to Sandakan to
negotiate with the British
authorities for the
establishment of a Filipino
colony.
April 20, 1892
Rizal was back to
Hongkong .
Rizal objected to the
colonization project for
it was anti-nationalistic
or disloyal to have a
colony.
 May 8, 1892 June 1892

Rizal wanted to return to He wrote “La Mano Roja”

Manila to confer with in sheet form denouncing
Governor Despujol the frequent outbreaks of
regarding the Borneo international fires in
colonization project and Manila.
to establish the La Liga
Filipina in Manila.
 June 21, 1892

Rizal and Lucia left

Hongkong for Manila.

June 26, 1892

Rizal and his sister Lucia

arrived in Manila.
 Propaganda – a campaign
of information as well as
a bid for sympathy.
Campaign by native
filipinos calling for
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT reforms in the
Philippines.
Started 1880 up to 1886
 Prominent
1880 to 1895 - critical
members:
period before Rizal's
execution Jose Rizal
According to Dr. Domingo
Abella, the propaganda
Graciano Lopez
movement was Jaena
misnamed. It should have Mariano Ponce
been called counteract Marcelo H. Del
propaganda movement.
Pilar
 Aims of the P. M.:
o Creation of a public
o Representation of the school system
Philippines in the Cortes independent of catholic
Generales, the Spanish Friars
Parliament o Abolition of polo y
o Secularization of the servicios and the bandala
Clergy system
o Legalization of Spanish o Equal opportunity for
and Filipino equality. Filipinos and Spanish to
o Guarantee of basic enter government service
freedoms
ANTONIO LUNA
In 1889, Rizal defend Antonio Luna by writing
"Inconsequencias" against Pablo Mir Deas' attack
in a newspaper "El Pueblo Soberano"
 A year after, they attempted to have a duel
because of Nellie Boustead, It didn't happen since
Luna apologized to Rizal.
 In 1896, Andres Bonifacio sent Pio Valenzuela
to Dapitan to get Rizal's Approval of the
Katipunan's plan revolution but Rizal refused.
GRACIANO LOPEZ AENA
Rizal once reproved Graciano for not finishing his
medical studies.
 Jaena figuratively explained, “On the shoulders of
slaves should not rest a doctor’s cape.”
 Rizal retorted saying, “The shoulder do not honor the
doctor’s cape, but the doctor’s cape honors the
shoulders.”
 He became known as great orator in socio-political
clubs and became a member of PRP.
MARIANO PONCE
 He was the one who introduced Del Pilar to Rizal.
 Rizal one day received a letter from Ponce with
enclosed articles written by a certain ‘Plaridel’.
 Rizal wrote, “I am very grateful to you for this … who is
Plaridel?”
 December 1888 when Rizal first met Ponce and Del
Pilar when he visited his compatriots in Madrid and
Barcelona.
MARIANO PONCE
 Ponce willingly helped Rizal in the
distribution of the Noli Me Tangere.
 Ponce have been so proud to become Rizal’s
friends.
 Ponce’s influence and wise move resulted in
Rizal’s becoming the ‘legal’ Responsible.
JOSE ALEJANDRINO
 Alejandrino joined the Propaganda Movement and served
as an editorial staff of La Solidaridad.
 In the Pilaristas-Rizalistas rivalry, Alejandrino supported
Rizal.
 He became Rizal’s roommate in Belgium.
 Jose was the one who canvassed printing press for El Fili.
 Having Jose who helped Rizal in correcting errors in the El
Fili, he might have been the first person to read the novel
aside from the author.
EDILBERTO EVANGELISTA
 He came from a poor family in Sta. Cruz Manila, and was 8
month younger than Jose Rizal.
 He befriended and collaborated with Filipino expatriates in
Europe.
 Rizal advised him to take engineering in Belgium, in the
University of Ghent.
 Evangelista finished civil engineering and architecture with
highest honors.
 Some European companies offered him
rewarding positions but he turned them down
for wanting to serve his country instead.
 He was later on arrested and imprisoned
because of his possession of Jose Rizal’s ‘Noli Me
Tangere’ and ‘El Filibusterismo’.
  2 MYTHS PERPETUATED IN 19TH CENTURY PHIL. NAT. MOVEMENT

1. Rizal was a Bourgeoisie Reformist:

 He opposed the 1896 Revolution
 He advocated the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain.
2. Rizal and his La Liga Filipina against Bonifacio and his
Katipunan:
 Bonifacio was a poor and unlettered laborer
 The Katipunan was an organization of the “poor and
ignorant” masses
 “The Toast in a Restaurant Brindis” – is a Spanish term which means
“toast”.
 This speech of Rizal was a toast honouring Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo,
winners of International Painting Competition at the “Exposicion
Nacional de Bellas Artes de Madrid.”
 Juan Luna was the winner of a gold medal for his painting “El
Spoliarium”; and
 Felix Hidalgo, winner of a silver medal for his painting “Las Virgenes
Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho.”
 Rizal’s speech was delivered in the Restaurant Ingles, Madrid on the
evening of June 25, 1884.