DEFINITION

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a

collection of symptoms and infections or syndromes that
arise due to damage to the human immune system due to
infection with the HIV virus.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Including one
retrovirus that specifically attacks white blood cells (T
cells). Retroviruses are animal ARN viruses that have an
ADN stage. The virus has an enzyme, the reverse
transcriptase enzyme that converts a single ARN chain (as
a template) into a double chain copy of ADN (cADN). Next,
cADN joins the host ADN following the host ADN
replication. When the ADN host experiences
eplication, the ADN virus directly replicates.
Ways of transmitting AIDS (Arif, 2000) include the
following:

a. Sexual intercourse, with a risk of transmission of

0.1-1% per sexual relationship

b. Through blood, namely:

1) Blood transfusion containing HIV
2) Needle puncture containing HIV
3) Exposure to mucosa that contains HIV
4) Transmission from mother to child:
a) During pregnancy
b) At delivery, the risk of transmission is 50%
c) Through breast milk (ASI) 14%
CLASSIFICATION
Stage I : HIV infection is asymptomatic and not
categorized as AIDS

Stage II : includes manifestations of small mucous

membranes and recurrent inflammation of
the upper respiratory tract

Stage III : includes chronic diarrhea that cannot be

explained for more than a month, severe
bacterial infection, and tuberculosis.

Stage IV : includes brain toxoplasmosis, esophageal

candidiasis, trachea, bronchi or lungs, and
Kaposi's sarcoma. All of these diseases are
indicators of AIDS.
DIAGNOSTIC

Diagnostic tests for AIDS sufferers (Arif Mansjoer, 2000) are:

 1) Analyze the symptoms of opportunistic infections and cancer

associated with AIDS.

 2) Explore risky behaviors that allow transmission.

 3) Physical examination to look for signs of opportunistic

infections and related cancers. Don't forget glandular

changes, oral examination, skin, and funduscopy.

 4) In investigations, total lymphocytes, HIV antibodies and X-ray

examinations are sought.

 a. Oral lesions
 b. Neurologic
 c. Gastrointestinal
 d. Respiration
 e. Dermatologist
 f. Sensory
 High risk of infection associated with immunosuppression,
malnutrition and risky lifestyle.
 High risk of infection (patient contact) associated with HIV
infection, the presence of nonopportunicitic infections that can be
transmitted.
 Activity intolerance is related to weakness, oxygen exchange,
malnutrition, fatigue.
 Changes in nutrition less than the body's needs related to lack of
intake, increased metabolic needs, and decreased absorption of
nutrients.
 Diarrhea is associated with GI infection
 Ineffective family coping is related to anxiety about the condition
of a loved one.