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Kinematics
Fluid Mechanics
October 25, 2019
Fluid Flow Concepts and
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Descriptions of:
fluid motion
fluid flows
temporal and spatial classifications
Analysis Approaches
Lagrangian vs. Eulerian
Moving from a system to a control volume
Reynolds Transport Theorem
Descriptions of Fluid Motion
streamline Defined instantaneously
has the direction of the velocity vector at each point
no flow across the streamline
steady flow streamlines are fixed in space
unsteady flow streamlines move
pathline Defined as particle moves (over time)
path of a particle
same as streamline for steady flow
streakline Draw Streamlines
tracer injected continuously into a flow and Pathlines
same as pathline and streamline for steady flow
Streamlines
V2, b2
V1, b1
Laminar flow
fluidmoves along smooth paths
viscosity damps any tendency to swirl or mix
Turbulent flow
fluid moves in very irregular paths
efficient mixing
Uniform - nonuniform
Changing in space
Analysis Approaches
Eulerian
Describes field (velocity, acceleration,
the flow ______
pressure, temperature, etc.) as functions of position
and time
Count the birds passing a particular location
DBsys ¶
Dt
= ò
¶t cv
r bdV + òr bV ×n
cs
ˆ dA
Example
Rate of increase Rate of efflux of
Rate of increase of the property the property across
of the property = in the control + the control volume
in the system volume boundary
Application of Reynolds
Transport Theorem
Conservation of mass (for all species)
Newton’s 2nd law of motion (momentum)
F = ma
_______
First law of thermodynamics (energy)
Summary
DBsys ¶
Dt
= ò
¶t cv
r bdV + òr bV ×n
cs
ˆ dA
0 = -1 + (-0 + 1)
0 = 1 + (-1 + 0)
0 = 0 + (-0 + 0)
Mt. St. Helens
Application of Reynold’s
Transport Theorem
Chemical with concentration Cin enters container
with flow rate Q.
Chemical decays at rate kC
What is b? What is B?
What is rb?
What is left side of equation?
What is C?
DBsys ¶ ¶CV
Dt
= òr bdV + csòr bV ×nˆ dA
¶t cv
- kCV =
¶t
+ Q (C - Cin )