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The variables "strength of affiliation" [reliten] and "frequency of prayer" [pray] have a
strong relationship to the variable "frequency of attendance at religious services" [attend].
Survey respondents who were less strongly affiliated with their religion attended religious
services less often. Survey respondents who prayed less often attended religious services
less often.
1. True
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 1 - 1
Slide 8
The variables "strength of affiliation" [reliten] and "frequency of prayer" [pray] have a
strong relationship to the variable "frequency of attendance at religious services" [attend].
Survey respondents who were less strongly affiliated with their religion attended religious
services less often. Survey respondents who prayed less often attended
The variable religious
that is services
less often. related to is the
dependent variable
(dv): "frequency of
1. True attendance at religious
2. True with caution services" [attend].
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 1 - 2
Slide 9
In1.order fordataset
In the a problem to be true, is
GSS2000.sav, wethe following statement true, false, or an incorrect
will have find:of a statistic? Assume that there is no problem with missing data, violation of
application
•a statistically significant relationship
assumptions, or outliers, and that the split sample validation will confirm the
between the ivs and the dv
•ageneralizability of the
relationship of the results.
correct Use a level of significance of 0.05.
strength
The variables "strength of affiliation" [reliten] and "frequency of prayer" [pray] have a
strong relationship to the variable "frequency of attendance at religious services" [attend].
Survey respondents who were less strongly affiliated with their religion attended religious
services less often. Survey respondents who prayed less often attended religious services
less often.
To compute a multiple
regression in SPSS, select
the Regression | Linear
command from the Analyze
menu.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Specify the variables and selection method
Slide 11
Third, click on
Second, mark the Continue
the checkboxes button to close
for Model Fit and the dialog box.
Descriptives.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Request the regression output
Slide 13
Click on the OK
button to
request the
regression
output.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
Slide 14
Descriptive Statistics
Slide 16
ANOVAb
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regress ion 374.757 2 187.379 49.824 .000 a
Res idual 413.685 110 3.761
Total 788.442 112
a. Predictors : (Constant), HOW OFTEN DOES R PRAY, STRENGTH OF AFFILIATION
b. Dependent Variable: HOW OFTEN R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES
SW388R7
Data Analysis & OVERALL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES - 2
Computers II
Slide 17
Model Summary
Slide 18
Coefficientsa
Slide 19
Coefficientsa
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
Coefficientsa
Slide 23
Coefficientsa
Slide 24
Slide 25
After controlling for the effects of the variables "age" [age] and "sex" [sex], the addition of
the variables "happiness of marriage" [hapmar], "condition of health" [health], and "attitude
toward life" [life] reduces the error in predicting "general happiness" [happy] by 36.1%.
After controlling for age and sex, the variables happiness of marriage, condition of health,
and attitude toward life each make an individual contribution to reducing the error in
predicting general happiness. Survey respondents who were less happy with their marriages
were less happy overall. Survey respondents who said they were not as healthy were less
happy overall. Survey respondents who felt life was less exciting were less happy overall.
1. True
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 2 - 1
Slide 28
After controlling for the effects of the variables "age" [age] and "sex" [sex], the addition of
the variables "happiness of marriage" [hapmar], "condition of health" [health], and "attitude
toward life" [life] reduces the error in predicting "general happiness" [happy] by 36.1%.
After controlling for age and sex, the variables happiness of marriage, condition of health,
The
andvariables
attitudethat we add
toward life in after
each the an individual contribution to reducing the error in
make
control variables are the independent
predicting general happiness. Survey respondents who were less
variables that we think will have a The happy with
variable thattheir marriages
to be
were lessrelationship
statistical happy overall.
to the Survey respondents who said they were not asor
predicted healthy
relatedwere
to is less
happy overall.
dependent the dependent variable
Survey respondents who felt life was less exciting were less happy overall.
variable:
"happiness of marriage" [hapmar], (dv): "general happiness"
"condition of health" [health], and [happy]
1. True
"attitude toward life" [life]
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 2 - 2
Slide 29
After controlling for the effects of the variables "age" [age] and "sex" [sex], the addition of
the variables "happiness of marriage" [hapmar], "condition of health" [health], and "attitude
toward life" [life] reduces the error in predicting "general happiness" [happy] by 36.1%.
After controlling for age and sex, the variables happiness of marriage, condition of health,
and attitude toward life each make an individual contribution to reducing the error in
predicting general happiness. Survey respondents who were less happy with their marriages
were less happy overall. Survey respondents who said they were not as healthy were less
happy overall. Survey respondents who felt life was less exciting were less happy overall.
To compute a multiple
regression in SPSS, select
the Regression | Linear
command from the Analyze
menu.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Specify independent variables to control for
Slide 31
Third, click on
Second, mark the checkboxes for Model the Continue
Fit, Descriptives, and R squared change. button to close
the dialog box.
The R squared change statistic will tell
us whether or not the variables added
after the controls have a relationship to
the dependent variable.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Request the regression output
Slide 34
Click on the OK
button to
request the
regression
output.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
Slide 35
Descriptive Statistics
Slide 37
ANOVAc
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regress ion .006 2 .003 .007 .993 a
Res idual 34.894 87 .401
Total 34.900 89
2 Regress ion 12.601 5 2.520 9.493 .000 b
Res idual 22.299 84 .265
Total 34.900 89
a. Predictors : (Constant), RESPONDENTS SEX, AGE OF RESPONDENT
b. Predictors : (Constant), RESPONDENTS SEX, AGE OF RESPONDENT, IS LIFE
EXCITING OR DULL, HAPPINESS OF MARRIAGE, CONDITION OF HEALTH
c. Dependent Variable: GENERAL HAPPINESS
Slide 38
Model Summary
Slide 39
Model Summary
Slide 40
Coefficientsa
Slide 41
Coefficientsa
Slide 42
Coefficientsa
Slide 43
Slide 44
Slide 45
Coefficientsa
26. In the dataset GSS2000.sav, is the following statement true, false, or an incorrect
application of a statistic? Assume that there is no problem with missing data, violation of
assumptions, or outliers, and that the split sample validation will confirm the
generalizability of the results. Use a level of significance of 0.05.
From the list of variables "number of hours worked in the past week" [hrs1], "occupational
prestige score" [prestg80], "highest year of school completed" [educ], and "highest academic
degree" [degree], the best predictors of "total family income" [income98] are "highest
academic degree" [degree] and "occupational prestige score" [prestg80]. Highest academic
degree and occupational prestige score have a moderate relationship to total family
income.
The most important predictor of total family income is occupational prestige score. The
second most important predictor of total family income is highest academic degree.
Survey respondents who had higher academic degrees had higher total family incomes.
Survey respondents who had more prestigious occupations had higher total family incomes.
1. True
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 3 - 1
Slide 48
From the list of variables "number of hours worked in the past week" [hrs1], "occupational
prestige score" [prestg80], "highest year of school completed" [educ], and "highest academic
degree" [degree], the best predictors of "total family income" [income98] are "highest
academic degree" [degree] and "occupational prestige score" [prestg80]. Highest academic
degree and occupational prestige score have a moderate relationship to total family
income.
The most important predictor of total family income is occupational prestige score. The
The best predictors are the variables
secondthat
mostwill
important predictor of total family income is highest academic degree.
be meet the statistical
criteria for inclusion in the model.
Survey respondents who had higher academic degrees had higher total family incomes.
Survey respondents who had more prestigious occupations had higher total family incomes.
1. True
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 3 - 2
Slide 49
From the list of variables "number of hours worked in the past week" [hrs1], "occupational
prestige score" [prestg80], "highest year of school completed" [educ], and "highest academic
degree" [degree], the best predictors of "total family income" [income98] are "highest
academic degree" [degree] and "occupational prestige score" [prestg80]. Highest academic
degree and occupational prestige score have a moderate relationship to total family
income.
The most important predictor of total family income is occupational prestige score. The
second most important predictor of total family income is highest academic degree.
Survey respondents who had higher academic degrees had higher total family incomes.
Survey respondents who had of
The importance more
the prestigious
variables is occupations had higher total family incomes.
provided by the stepwise order of entry
of the variable into the regression
1. True analysis.
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Dissecting problem 3 - 3
Slide 50
26. In the dataset GSS2000.sav, is the following statement true, false, or an incorrect
application of a statistic? Assume that there is no problem with missing data, violation of
assumptions, or outliers, and that therelationship
The split sample validation
between eachwill confirm
of the the
independent
generalizability of the results. Use a levelentered
variables of significance
after theofcontrol
0.05. variables and
the dependent variable must be statistically
significant
From the list of variables "number of hours and interpreted
worked correctly.
in the past week" [hrs1], "occupational
prestige score" [prestg80], "highest year of school completed" [educ], and "highest academic
Since statistical significance of a variable's
degree" [degree], the best predictors of "total family income" [income98] are "highest
contribution toward explaining the variance in the
academic degree" [degree] and "occupational prestige
dependent variable score" always
is almost [prestg80].
used Highest
as the academic
degree and occupational prestigecriteria
score have a moderate
for inclusion, relationship
the statistical to total family
significance of
income. the relationships is usually assured.
The most important predictor of total family income is occupational prestige score. The
second most important predictor of total family income is highest academic degree.
Survey respondents who had higher academic degrees had higher total family incomes.
Survey respondents who had more prestigious occupations had higher total family incomes.
1. True
2. True with caution
3. False
4. Inappropriate application of a statistic
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Request a stepwise multiple regression
Slide 51
To compute a multiple
regression in SPSS, select
the Regression | Linear
command from the Analyze
menu.
SW388R7
Data Analysis & Specify variables and method for selecting
variables
Computers II
Slide 52
Third, click on
Second, mark the the Continue
checkboxes for Model button to close
Fit and Descriptives. the dialog box.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Request the regression output
Slide 55
Click on the OK
button to
request the
regression
output.
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
Slide 56
Descriptive Statistics
Slide 58
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 Stepwis e
(Criteria:
The best subset of Probabilit
predictors for total family y-of-F-to-e
RS
income included the HIGHEST .
nter <=
independent variables: DEGREE
.050,
highest academic degree Probabilit
and occupational prestige y-of-F-to-r
emove >=
score.
.100).
2 Stepwis e
(Criteria:
RS Probabilit
OCCUPATI y-of-F-to-e
ONAL nter <=
.
PRESTIGE .050,
SCORE Probabilit
(1980) y-of-F-to-r
emove >=
.100).
a. Dependent Variable: TOTAL FAMILY INCOME
SW388R7
Data Analysis & RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEST PREDICTORS
AND THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE - 2
Computers II
Slide 59
ANOVAc
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regress ion 620.049 1 620.049 47.661 .000 a
Res idual 1938.415 149 13.009
Total 2558.464 150
2 Regress ion 722.947 2 361.473 29.146 .000 b
Res idual 1835.517 148 12.402
Total 2558.464 150
a. Predictors : (Constant), RS HIGHEST DEGREE
b. Predictors : (Constant), RS HIGHEST DEGREE, RS OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE
SCORE (1980)
c. Dependent Variable: TOTAL FAMILY INCOME
SW388R7
Data Analysis & RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEST PREDICTORS
AND THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE - 3
Computers II
Slide 60
Model Summary
Slide 61
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 Stepwis e
Based on the table of
(Criteria:
"Variables Entered/
Probabilit
Removed," the most
y-of-F-to-e
important predictor of total RS
nter <=
family income is highest HIGHEST .
.050,
academic degree. DEGREE
Probabilit
y-of-F-to-r
The second most important emove >=
predictor of total family .100).
income is occupational 2 Stepwis e
prestige score. (Criteria:
RS Probabilit
The importance of the OCCUPATI y-of-F-to-e
predictors stated in the ONAL
.
nter <=
problem is not correct. PRESTIGE .050,
SCORE Probabilit
(1980) y-of-F-to-r
emove >=
.100).
a. Dependent Variable: TOTAL FAMILY INCOME
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Answer to problem 3
Slide 62
Dependent variable
No Inappropriate
metric?
Independent variables application of
metric or dichotomous? a statistic
Yes
Yes
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Standard multiple regression - 2
Slide 64
Yes
Probability of relationship No
between each IV and DV False
<= level of significance?
Yes
Direction of relationship No
between each IV and DV False
interpreted correctly?
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Standard multiple regression - 3
Slide 65
No
Yes
True
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Hierarchical regression - 1
Slide 66
Dependent variable
No Inappropriate
metric?
Independent variables application of
metric or dichotomous? a statistic
Yes
Yes
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Hierarchical regression - 2
Slide 67
Yes
Change in R² correctly No
reported and interpreted? False
Yes
Probability of relationship
No
between each IV added after
False
controls and DV less than or
equal to level of significance?
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Hierarchical regression - 3
Slide 68
Direction of relationship
No
between each IV added
after controls and DV False
interpreted correctly?
Yes
No
Yes
True
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Stepwise regression - 1
Slide 69
Dependent variable
No Inappropriate
metric?
Independent variables application of
metric or dichotomous? a statistic
Yes
Yes
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Stepwise regression - 2
Slide 70
Yes
Yes
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Stepwise regression - 3
Slide 71
Yes
Probability of relationship
between each included IV
No
and DV less than or equal to
False
level of significance?
Yes
Direction of relationship
No
between each included IV
and DV interpreted False
correctly?
Yes
SW388R7
Data Analysis &
Computers II Stepwise regression - 4
Slide 72
Yes
No
Yes
True