Main Reference:

Marquez, L. (2018). Trends, networks and critical thinking in the 21st century culture. Quezon City:
Philippines. C & E Publishing, Inc.

“No man is an island.”

• Extended outside the personal network
• Consist of the family, local community
and country
• People rely on local networks to
compensate what personal network
lacks
• People need to form local networks to
protect their right to life
A family is ______.
1. FAMILY
• “A basic autonomous social institution”
- 1987 Phil. Constitution, Art. II, Sec. 12
• “As the foundation of the nation”
- Art. XV, Sec. 1
• “Family, being the foundation of the
nation, is a basic social institution which
public policy cherishes and protects.”
- Family Code of the Phil.
1. FAMILY
• In the Philippines ...

The family is the basic unit of society and

the foundation of the nation, which the
State cherishes and protects.

• Members of the family are the first and

immediate networks
1. FAMILY
• Family relations include those:
a. Between husband and wife;
b. Between parents and children;
c. Among ascendants and descendants;
and
d. Among brothers and sisters, whether
of the full or half-blood.
- Family Code of the Phil., Art. 150
1. FAMILY
• Sempio-Diy (2006):
Members of the household
Illegitimate and adopted children
Nephews, nieces, uncles and aunts
• Language of the law may be deemed
lacking when it is applied in the
language of everyday life
1. FAMILY
• Characteristics of a family according
to Aristotle:
a. Human lack of self-sufficiency
b. Reproduction of species
c. Satisfaction of daily needs
d. Necessity of labor
e. Rearing and education of children
f. Worship of the gods
A barangay is ______.
2. LOCAL COMMUNITY
• Barangay  Municipality/City 
Province
• Balangay /ba-lang-gay/
2. LOCAL COMMUNITY
• Balangay /ba-lang-gay/
First boat
National boat of the Phil.
Central in the trading of the inhabitants
of the islands
Political unit of the society
2. LOCAL COMMUNITY
• Barangay
Made up of hundreds of families
There is a total of 42, 028 barangays in
the Phil. as of Dec. 31, 2013
Before: Made up of families that were
related with one another
Now: More diversified
2. LOCAL COMMUNITY
• Municipality/City
There is a total of 1,490 municipalities and
144 cities in the Phil. as of Dec. 31, 2013
Each municipality/city has distinct culture
(Dialect, feasts, etc.)
2. LOCAL COMMUNITY
• Province
There is a total of 81 provinces in the Phil.
as of Dec. 31, 2013
Residents of the same province often
share the same language
What about regions?
- Political or geographical subdivision
- Composed of different provinces with
varied communities
2. LOCAL COMMUNITY
• One’s network of friends and
acquaintances are usually found in
the local community
• People find a place where they fit
(friends, classmates, church mates
and community)
• Contributes in the emergence and
progression of trends
A country is ______.
3. COUNTRY
• Composed of different local
communities
What is a state?
• Bernas (1933):
Community of persons more or less
numerous
Permanently occupying a definite
portion of the territory
Independent of external control
3. COUNTRY
• Bernas (1933):
Possesses an organized government
Great body of the inhabitants render
habitual obedience
Four elements: People, Territory,
Sovereignty, Government
3. COUNTRY
• Nation vs. State
Can be used interchangeably but
essentially different
NATION STATE
• Group of people who • Created through the
share the same collective declaration
language, culture, of the members of the
traditions, customs, nation of their
practices and beliefs sovereignty
• Does not have
sovereignty
3. COUNTRY
• Country vs. State
Often used synonymously with the term
“State”
Refers more to an area of land that forms
part of the national territory of a State
over which it exercises its own
sovereignty
3. COUNTRY
• 18 geo-political regions
• Three important areas:
Metro Manila (Luzon), Metro Cebu
(Visayas), Metro Davao (Mindanao)