The Propaganda Movement

and
the Katipunan
The Rise of Propaganda Movement
• It began in 1872, when Gomez, Burgos and Zamora (Gom-
Bur-Za) were executed.
• The Illustrados, led by Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and
Graciano Lopez Jaena organized the Propaganda
Movement.
• Propaganda Movement was a peaceful crusade for reforms
to rectify the evils of Spanish Colonial System.
• Propaganda Movement waged their movements by means
of pen and tongue.
Reforms desired by the Propaganda Movement
1. Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws.
2. Assimilation of the Philippines as regular province of
Spain.
3. Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish
Cortes.
4. Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and expulsion of
the Friars.
5. Human Rights for Filipinos.
The Propagandists

Marcelo H. del Pilar

- He was a lawyer, journalist,
beloved by the mass for his eloquent
tagalog and fearless defense of poor
against friar abuses.
Dr. Jose Rizal Graciano Lopez Jaena
- A physician-novelist and a - Greatest Orator of the
many splendored genius. Propaganda Movement
Mariano Ponce Dr. Pedro Paterno
- A biographical writer. - A lawyer and a man of
letters.
Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
- The Masters of the brush.
Other Filipino Propagandists
• Antonio Luna - Essayist and pharmacist.
• Pedro Serrano Laktaw - Teacher and tutor of King Alfonso
XIII of Spain.
• Jose Ma. Panganiban - Linguist and Essayist.
• Jose Alejandrino - An Engineer and Political writer.
• Isabelo de los Reyes - A folklorist, newspaperman and
scholar.
• Dominador Gomez - A physician and orator.
• Fernando Canon - Engineer and Musician.
Foreign Friend of the Propaganda Movement
Ferdinand Blumentritt
• Rizal's bestfriend
• Austrian professor and
scholar
• He wrote the '' Prologue '' to
Rizal's annotated edition of
Morga's Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas.
Don Juan Atayde
• He founded a civic
association of Spaniards
and Filipinos in Madrid
called Circulo Hispano-
Filipino and published
the newspaper, Revista
del Circulo Hispano-
Filipino.
Other Spanish Friend of Propaganda Movement

• Miguel Morayta - Historian, Journalist, Rizal's professor

in CCentral University of Madrid.
• Francisco Pi y Margll - Former President of the First
Spanish Republic (1873-1875)
• Emilio Junoy - A journalist
• Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla - Parliamentarian and leader of the
Spanish Republican Party.
The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888
• On March 1, 1888, Manila was rocked by a tumultuous
event. This was the anti-friar demonstration of hundreds
of Filipinos patriots led by the Manila patriotic lawyer
Doroteo Cortes, with the secret assistance of M. H. del
Pilar and Jose A. Ramos.
• This denounced the anti-Filipino Archbishop, Pedro Payo
and the bad friars for meddling in the movement.
• It requested for the expulsion of the friars from the
Philippines.
La Solidaridad
• A newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona on
February 15, 1889.He boldly stated in his editorial that the aims
of La Solidaridad were as follows:
1. to portray vividly the deplorable conditions of the Philippines,
2. to work peacefully for political and social reforms,
3. to combat the evil forces of medievalism and reaction
4. to advocate liberal ideas and progress, and
5. to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people
for democracy and happiness.
C
Contributors of La Solidaridad
• Marcelo H. del Pilar
(Plaridel)
• Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon Laan)
• Antonio Luna (Taga-ilog)
• Jose Ma. Panganiban
(Jomapa)
• Dr. Pedro Paterno
• Antonio Ma. Regidor
• Mariano Ponce (Naning,
Tigbalang o Kalipulako)
• Isabelo de los Reyes
• Eduardo de Lete
• Jose Alejandrino
• Prof. Blumentritt
• Dr. Morayta
• University professor
Literature of Propaganda Movement
• Propaganda Movement gave birth to the following works:
1. Pedro Paterno
• Ninay (Madrid, 1885) - First Filipino Novel
• Sampaguitas (Madrid, 1880) - Melodious poems
• La Antigua Civilizacion Tagalog (Maadrid, 1887) -
Historical book
2. Gregorio Sanciago
• El Progreso de Filipinas (Madrid, 1881)
• Treatise on Economics and Politics
3. Marcelo H. del Pilar
• He was a political pamphleteer, his pamphlets were
clasics of satire:
1.Dasalan at Tuksohan (1880)
2. La Soberania Monacal En Filipinas (1888)
3. La Frailocracia Filipino (1889)
4. Lopez Jaena
• Fray Botod (Fat Friar) - satirical novelette
5. Antonio Luna
• Impressiones - a collection of essays describing the
customs of spaniards.
6. Jose Ma Panganiban
• La Universidad de Filipinas: Plan de Estudios - critical
essay published in la Solidaridad.
7. Isabelo de los Reyes
• El Folk-Lore Filipino (1887)
• Historia de Ilocos (1890, 2 volumes)
8. Mariano Ponce
• Celebres of Filipinos
9. Jose Rizal
• Aside from his work Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, he also wrote:
• La Vision del Frey Rodriguez - He exposed the
stupidities and imbecilities of Frey Jose Rodriguez.
• Por Telefono (1891) - in which he lampooned Fray
Salvador Font who wrote the report of the censorship
commission banning the Noli Me Tangere.
Masonry in the Propaganda Movement
• The first Filipino Masonic lodge called Revolution was
founded by Lopez Jaena in Barcelona and was recognized
on April, 1889 by the Grande Oriental Español headed by
Don Miguel Morayta. Unfortunately, the first Filipino
Masonic lodge did not last long. It died out after Lopez
Jaena resigned as Worshipful Master on November 29,
1889.
• The following month, M.H. del Pilar, with the help of
Julio Llorante, organize Lodge Solidaridad in Madrid. It
was recognized in May 1890 by the Grande Oriente
Español. Its first Worshipful Master was Llorente.

• Towards the end of 1891, M.H. del Pilar, with the consent
of the Grande Oriente Español, sent Serrano Laktaw to
the Philippines to establish the First Filipino Masonic
lodge in Manila. In compliance with this mission, Serrano
Laktaw founded in manila on January 6, 1892, Lodge
Nidad, the first Filipino Masonic lodge in the Philippines.
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
• The Filipino propagandist and their Spanish friends
organized the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina (Hispano-
Philippine Association) in Madrid in January 12, 1889.
• The purpose of Asociacion Hispano Filipina was securing
reforms for the Philippines.
• The president was Don Miguel Morayta, Spanish
professor at the University of Madrid. The vice-president
was General Felipe de la Corte, who had resided in the
Philippines. Dominador Gomez was the secretary.
• To facilitate its work, the association was divide into three
sections:
1. Political section headed by Marcelo H. del Pilar
2. Literary Section headed by Mariano Ponce
3. Recreation Section headed by Tomas Arejola
Liga Filipina (Philippine League)
• On the night of July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the Liga Filipina in
a house at Ilaya street, Tondo. Acccording to its constitution,
the aims of the league were the following:
1. Union of Archipelago into compact, Vigorous and
homogeneous body.
2. Mutual protection in all cases of pressing necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of Education, agriculture and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
• The motto of the Liga Filipina was “Unus Instar
Omnium” (One Like All)
• The officers were: Ambrocio Salvador as President,
Agustin de la Rosa as the Fiscal, Bonifacio Arevalo as
treasurer and Deodato Arellano as Secretary. Among the
members were Andres Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini,
Mamerto Natividad, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
Moises Salvador, Jose A. Dizon, Domingpo Franco,
Timoteo Paez, Arcadio del Rosario, Numeriano Andriano,
Timoteo Lanuza and Doroteo Ongjungco.
End of the Propaganda Movement
• The Liga Filipina collapsed. The radical Andres Bonifacio
and other radical members separated from it, for they were
disenchanted by the peaceful campaign.
• The conservative Liga members, including Domingo
Franco, Numeriano Andriano, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
Timoteo Paez, and Aplinario Mabini, organized themselves
into a new group called Los Compromisarios because each
member pledged or promised to contribute money for the
financial aid of the Propaganda Movement in Spain.
• With the demised of La Solidaridad, the movement came to
a futile end.
The Founding of Katipunan
• Andres Bonifaion firmly believed that te happiness and
welfare of the Filipino people could not be achieved by
peaceful request for reforms, but by violent revolution.

• On the night of July 7, 1892, Bonifacio and some of his

patriotic friends met secretly in the house occupied by
Deodato Arellano at No.72 Azcarraga Street, Tondo,
Manila.
• At the secret meeting, they founded the secret
revolutionary society called Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(Highest and Respected Society of the Sons of the
People) known as KKK or simply Katipunan.

• The aim of the KKK were:

1. To unite the Filipinos
2. To fight for Philippine Independence
Katipunan Government
• It had two consitutions, the first one promulgated in 1892
and the second (replacing the first one) in 1894. The
central government of the Katipunan was vested in a
Supreme Council (Kataastaasang Sanggunian) with a
president, a fiscal, was a Provincial Council (Sangguniang
Bayan), and in each town, a Popular Council (Sanguniang
Balangay).
• The judicial power of the Katipunan resided in a secret
chamber called Judicial Council (Sangguniang
Hukuman).

• The first president of the Katipunan was Deodato

Arellano. He was the brother-in-law of Marcelo H. del
Pilar and a friend of Bonifacio.
Katipunan Membership
• The triangle system proved to be clumsy and complicated, so
that it was abolished after December, 1892, and new converts
were initiated into the secret society by the use of secret rites
borrowed from Masonry.
• There were three grades of membership within theKatipunan:
 A member of the first grade called a katipun (associate). At
the Katipunan meetings, he wore a black mask with a
triangle formed by white ribbons and letters. He carried side
arms, revolver or bolo. His password was Anak ng Bayan
(Son of the People).
A member of the second grade, called kawal (soldier),
wore a green mask and a sash of the same color.
Suspended from his neck was a green mask and a sash
of the same color. Suspended from his neck was a
green ribbon with a medal on which was inscribed the
Malayan letter K. his password was Gom-Bur-Za, the
first syllables of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora.

The third grade called bayani (patriot) wore at the

meeting a red mask and sash, bot bordered with green.
His password was Rizal.
The Women in the Katipunan
• At first the Katipunan was purely an association for men.
Because the women were becoming suspicious of the
nocturnal absence of their husbands and the reduction of
their earnings, the door of the Katipunan was opened to
them, thereby bringing them into the confidence of their
menfolk.
• To be admitted in the women's section, one had to be a wife,
daughter or sister of a Katipunero (male member).
• It is estimated that there were about 25 women who became
part of the secret society.
Women of the Katipunan
1. Gregorio de Jesus
- Bonifacio’s wife who was called the Lakambini of
K.K.K
2. Beneita Rodriguez
- who made the Katipunan flag and was the wife of
Katipunero Restituto Javier.
3. Simeona de Remigio
- wife of Katipunero Toams Remigio
4. Josefa and Trinidad Rizal
- sisters of Dr. Rizal
5. Delfina Herbosa and Angelica Lopez
- Dr. Rizal’s nieces

Women's Role in Katipunan:

• The women rendered valuable services to the Katipunan.
They guarded the secret papers and documents of the
society at the risk of their lives.
Literature of the katipunan
• The three writers of the Katipunan were Bonifacio,
Jacinto, and Dr. Pio Valenzuela.
• They wrote stirring literature to excite the people's
patriotism and to arouse their patriotic spirit.
• Their writings also served to spread the ideals of the
secret society and paved the way for the revolution.
• Andres Bonifacio wrote the:
• Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan
(Love of Father land) - a
mediocre poem of patriotic
sentiment.
• Katungkulan Gagawin ng mga Z.
Ll. B. (Duties of the Sons of the
People), a Decalogue of the
Katipunan
• Ang mabatid ng mga Tagalog
(What the Tagalogs Should
know) - a politico-historical
essay.
• Dr. Valenzuela wrote the:
• Katwiran (Is it Right?) - an
essay addressed to
motherland.
• He helped Bonifacio and
Jacinto in editing the
Kalayaan (Liberty) which is
the Katipunan Newspaper.
• He collaborated with
Bonifacio in the Article “Sa
Mga Kababayan” (To My
Countrymen)
• Emilio Jacinto
• Brains of the Katipunan
• He wrote the Kartilla or the
Teacchings of the Katipunan.
• Liwanag at Dilim (Light and
Darkness) - Series of articles of
human rights, liberty, equality,
labor and love of country.
• A la Patria - a spanish poem,
same sentiments with Rizal's Last
farewell.
Kalayaan “Organ of the Katipunan”
• In 1894, two patriotic Filipinos donated money which was
used to buy old handpress. The existence of press was
kept in utmost secrecy.
• Under Jacinto's supervision, two patriotic printers:
Faustino Duque and Ulpinao Fernande printed the
“Kalayaan, the Organ of the katipunan”
• This is a Revolutionary newspaper founded by Jacinto to
disemminate the ideals of the society.
First Cry of the Independence
• During the Holy Week in 1895, Bonifacio and a party of
katipuneros reconnoitered the mountains of Montalban in
search of a good hideout where they could hold their secret
meetings.
• On April 10, 1895, Bonifacio and his companions entered the
Cave of Bernardo Carpio (also known locally aa Pamitinan
Cave). After the session, Aurelio Tolentino (Pangangeuño
writer in Tagalog and Pangangueño literature) picked up a piece
of charcoal and wrote on the cave wall in Spanish: “Viva la
Independencia Filipina!”
Dr. Jose Rizal and the Katipunan
• In June, 1896, Dr. Pio Valenzuela acting as Bonifacio’s
emissary, sailed for Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s support
for the coming revolution.
• To cover his real mission from Spanish authorities, he
brought with him, a blind man who was in need of Dr.
Jose Rizal's professional services.
The katipunan and Japan
• In te planning of the revolution, katipunan cast its eyes on
Japan, which loomed then as the probable champion of
Asian liberties against Western Opression.
• On May 1896, a delegate of Katipunan members
conferred with a Japanese officer in Manila. The
interpreter was Moritori Tagawa, who married a Filipino
woman of Bocaue, Bulacan. He was a friend of
Valenzuela.
• It was a good reason that Katipunan solicited Japan's aid
and alliance.
The Katipunan Prepares for War
• By the middle of 1896, the Kkatipunan was preparing to
strike for freedom.
• Its members had increased since its foundation.
• The Katipunan flag had been made to be the symbol of a
new nation.
• A war plan was also prepared by Jacinto and Bonifacio to
be the strategy of the Katipunan military opeartions.
Discovery of the Katipunan
• The Katipunan was finally discovered by the Spanish
authorities on August 19, 1896. At 6:15 p.m. of that day.
Teodoro Patiro, a member of the Katipunan and an
employee of the Diario de Manila, upon the advice of the
mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage and of his
sister, Honoria Patiño, went to the convent of Tondo and
revealed the secrets of the Katipunan of Father Mariano
Gil, Augustinian parish curate.