Chlorine Contact Time / Virus & Giardia

Log Removal Credit Calculations

The EPA Guidance Manual on the Surface water Treatment
Rule and Disinfection Profiling can be downloaded at the
following websites

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/lt1eswtr.html

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/mdbp/pdf/profile/lt1profiling.
pdf

The sample excel sheet for calculating log removal credits

can be downloaded from the following site

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/lt1/xls/profile_benchma
rk_calculator_short.xls 1 1
 State (CDPH) Regulations on Surface
Water Treatment
The California Surface water Treatment Rule can be found
in
CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS.
TITLE 22. SOCIAL SECURITY
DIVISION 4. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
CHAPTER 17. SURFACE WATER TREATMENT

§ 64652. Treatment Requirements and Compliance Options.

(a) Each supplier using an approved surface water shall provide multibarrier treatment
that meets the requirements of this chapter and reliably ensures at least:

(1) A total of 99.9 percent reduction of Giardia lambliacysts through filtration and
disinfection; and

(2) A total of 99.99 percent reduction or viruses through filtration and disinfection.
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 Data Required
• Disinfection Segments
• Type of Disinfection (Free Chlorine, Ozone etc)
• Peak Flow Rate (gpm)
• Residual Disinfectant Concentration (mg/L)
• Temperature (Celsius)
• pH (Surface water ranges from 6.5-8.5)
• Contact time Volume (Contact/Storage/Pressure tank
volume and volume of pipe until the first user)

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 Calculate CT (Concentration
contact Time)
Total Detention Time (TDT) = Lowest Operating Volume /
Peak Flow
Lowest operating volume should be taken during peak hour
demand.

Contact Time = TDT X Baffling Factor

Baffling Factor can found from the following table

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Baffling Factors Table

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 Calculate CTcalc

CTcalc (minutes-mg/L) = C x T
C = Residual disinfectant concentration measured
during
peak hourly flow in mg/L.
T = Contact Time, measured in minutes, that the water
is in
contact with the disinfectant.

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 Log Reduction
Log reduction relates to the percentage of microorganisms
physically removed or inactivated by a given process.

1-log reduction = 90%

2-log reduction = 99%
3-log reduction = 99.9%
4-log reduction = 99.99%

Surface water treatment requires a 3-log removal for Giardia

and 4-log removal for viruses.

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3-log CTreq for GIARDIA

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4-log CTreq for Viruses

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 Inactivation Ratio
Inactivation Ratio = CTcalc / CTreq

Actual Log Inactivation of Giardia = 3 x (CTcalc / CTreq)

Actual Log Inactivation of Viruses = 4 x (CTcalc / CTreq)

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Questions and comments

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