Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
AND FORMULATING
RESEARCH
TOPIC/PROBLEM
PRESENTED BY: KRISTINE JOY A. MAMASIG
LESSON OBJECTIVES
State how research should be started
Identify a research topic
Narrow down a research topic
Define and characterize a research problem
Formulate clearly statement of Research Problem
WHAT ARE YOUR INTERESTS IN LIFE?
HOW SHOULD A RESEARCH BE
STARTED?
WORDSCRAMBLE TIME!!
RI-SIR- CHAIRS ENTER-EAST
RESEARCHER’S INTERESTS
SOURCES OF INTERESTS or RESEARCH
TOPICS:
1. DAY-LEE LIE-IF EX-PEAR- YEN- SEIZE
WORDSCRAMBLE TIME!!
SOURCES OF INTERESTS or RESEARCH
TOPICS:
2. ACT- ADD- DAMN- MICK REID- INKS
ACADEMIC READINGS
SOURCES OF INTERESTS or RESEARCH
TOPICS:
3. PURSE- ON- ALL HUB-BEES
PERSONAL HOBBIES
SOURCES OF INTERESTS or RESEARCH
TOPICS:
4. AT- TENTS-ION CATS-ACHING
SEAT-YOU- WEIGH-SHOWN
ATTENTION-CATCHING
SITUATION
SOURCES OF INTERESTS
Daily life experiences
Academic readings
Personal hobbies
Attention-catching situations
HOW TO IDENTIFY A RESEARCH
TOPIC?
REA D
OBSERVE
K
HOW TO IDENTIFY A RESEARCH
TOPIC?
READ
(books, research articles, and other professional publications)
current events or emerging ideas
reports about what scientists are currently working on
HOW TO IDENTIFY A RESEARCH
TOPIC?
ASK
(help from experts)
OBSERVE
(things for some experiences)
SOUTHEAST ASIA
LAST 10
YEARS
EXAMPLE OF NARROWING DOWN A
TOPIC
BROAD TOPIC: WOMEN’S HEALTH
NARROWED TOPIC:
WOMEN AND CANCER
FOCUSED TOPIC:
WOMEN SMOKERS
AND BREAST CANCER
EXAMPLE OF NARROWING DOWN A
TOPIC
BROAD TOPIC: COMPUTER GAMES
NARROWED TOPIC:
COMPUTER GAMES VIOLENCE
1
_____ Prose and Poetry
3 Fiction
_____
5 The Legend of Mayon Volcano
_____
2 Philippine Literature
_____
4 Legends
_____
ACTIVITY
Directions: Use numbers 1 to 5 to show the order of these topics if
you narrow them down from general to the most limited topic.
4
_____ Plus and Minuses of Teenage Marriage
3 Teenage Marriage
_____
5 The Advantages of Early Marriage
_____
2 Marriage
_____
1
_____Human Relationships
REESE- EAR-SHHH PROBE- EEL- AM
RESEARCH PROBLEM
is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be
improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling
question that exists in scholarly literature, theory, or practice
that points to the need for a meaningful understanding and
deliberate investigation.
may be expressed in declarative or interrogative form
commonly called the heart of the research
is what researchers aim to answer later on as they go through
the research endeavor
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH
PROBLEM
Not just answerable by Yes or No
Should be stated in clear, unambiguous manner
Must imply interpretation and analysis of data
PREREQUISITES OR IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS IN RESEARCH PROBLEM
SPECIE-FIX-EAT- TEA
1. SPECIFICITY
Is usually referred to as determining
the researcher approach to use in
the conduct of the study
PREREQUISITES OR IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS IN RESEARCH PROBLEM
FIST- SEA- BILL- EAT- TEA
2. FEASIBILTY
researcher also warned to determine the
capability of the research method to
accomplish the research objectives
ensure the viability and utility of the
selected research method
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF A
GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. KNOW- VEIL NOVEL
2. ENTER- RESTING INTERESTING
3. PRRR-ACT- TEA- CALL PRACTICAL
4. I- KNOW- BAIT- EVE INNOVATIVE
5. CAUSE-OST EH- FACT- EVE COST- EFFECTIVE
S.M.A.R.T. CRITERIA
S – SPECIFIC
M – MEASURABLE
A – ATTAINABLE
R – REALISTIC
T – TIME-BOUND
REESE- EAR-SHHH THIGH- TAIL
RESEARCH TITLE
the first thing that is usually seen or read
draws the interest from the readers
gives weight and reputation to the
research paper
THE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE
answers the question “Why do I want to conduct this
study?”
FURR- POST
1. PURPOSE (AIM)
A problem statement should imply the
purpose of conducting the study
THE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE
answers the question, “What do I want to study about?”
TWO- PICKED
2. TOPIC (SUBJECT MATTER)
the problem statement should contain
the topic of interest of the researcher
THE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE
answers the question, “Where do I conduct the study?”
PLAY-EASE
3. PLACE (LOCALE)
the problem statement should imply where the
particular study will be undertaken
THE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE
answers the question “How long will it take for me to finish the
study?”
PEER- ODD
4. PERIOD
this implies the time allotted for the
Researcher to finish his/her study
THE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE
answers the question, “From whom will my data come from
or be collected?”
REPRESENTATION OF THE
CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN STUDENT
THE STUDY THAT BULLYING
EPISTEMOLOGY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
EXPLAINS HOW THE STUDY WILL BE BENEFICIAL TO THE DIFFERENT
STAKEHOLDERS OF THE SOCIETY
IDENTIFIES THE TARGET BENEFICIARIES OR TARGET USERS OF THE CURRENT
STUDY
SHOULD BE CLEAR TO THE BENEFICIARIES THE ADVANTAGES AND SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
PRESENTS THE VARIABLES OR SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY, THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE RESEARCHER
WILL COVER, THE POSSIBLE FACTORS OR NUANCES THAT WILL BE GIVEN FOCUS ON THE COURSE OF
THE STUDY, THE POSSIBLE CHALLENGES THAT THE RESEARCHER MIGHT ENCOUNTER, AND OTHER
THINGS THAT MIGHT BE RELATED TO THE TOPIC BUT ARE BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE
RESEARCHER
IS DIVIED IN TO TWO:
-SCOPE: COVERS THE EXPLANATION AS TO UP TO WHAT EXTENT THE RESEARCHER WOULD WANT TO
EXPLORE OR INTERPRET IN HIS/HER RESEARCH
-LIMITATIONS OR DELIMITATIONS: IS A JUSTIFICATION AS TO THE ‘LIMITS’ OR BOUNDARIES OF THE
RESEARCH
LIMITATIONS OR DELIMITATIONS?
LIMITATIONS: ARE CONDITIONS BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE RESEARCHER
THAT MAY CAUSE RESTRICTION AND MAKE THE CONCLUSIONS TO BE
GENERALIZABLE ONLY TO THE CONDITIONS SET BY THE RESEARCHER
DELIMITATIONS: ARE THE CONDITIONS THAT THE RESEARCHER PURPOSELY
CONTROLLED. THESE ARE THE LIMITS BEYOND THE CONCERN OF THE STUDY.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
PRESENTS THE KEY TERMS USED IN THE STUDY
HAS TWO POSSIBLE WAYS:
-CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: EXPLAINS THE MEANING OF A PARTICULAR TERM
USING THE DICTIONARY
-OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: DESCRIBES A TERM BY HOW THE RESEARCHER USED
IT IN HIS/HER STUDY