Group 2

 Alfred “Al” William McCoy is an American

historian and educator.
 He is the Fred Harvey Harrington Professor of
History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
 He specializes in the history of the Philippines,
foreign policy of the United States, European
colonization of Southeast Asia, illegal drug
trade, and Central Intelligence Agency covert
operations.
 Born: June 8, 1945
 Citizenship: Concord, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Alfred McCoy Alfredo Roces
 Philippine Catholic Mass
Media Award
 Best Book of the year for
1985
 Philippine National Book
award for history 1986
 Gintong Aklat Award
(Manila)
 Special Citation for
history (1987)
 A political cartoon, a type of editorial
cartoon, it is a graphic with caricatures of
public figure, expressing the artist opinion.
 Gained full expression during the American
era.
 Filipino artist recorded national attitudes
towards the coming of the American.
 Viewed from the vantage point of half
century and more this political cartoons are
evocative record of half-forgotten history.
 These cartoons were simultaneously ‘a mirror
of society’s colonial condition’ and ‘act
protest’ a weapon in the struggle of social
reform.
 Cartoons play a role in the political discourse
of society that provides for freedom of
speech and of the press.
 The four decades of American colonial rule
were a formative period in the Philippine
history.
 The Philippine move forward from an
authoritarian Spanish regime to autonomy
and freedom.
 Under U.S colonial tutelage, the Philippine
experienced a process of Americanization
and modernization that has left a lasting
legacy.
 Even at first contact in the 16thcentury, the
Spanish conquistadors found that Filipino
possessed a sophisticated material, culture and
a complex society.
 At the close to Spanish era in 1898, the
Philippine already had substantial cities, a
thriving export agriculture, and strong church
and state structures. The revolution defeat of
the Spanish empire in 1898 is an ample
testimony to the sophistication of Filipino
society.
 Like the nationalist the Philippine press
established itself during the decade following
the American invasion of 1898. it was the
time of remarkable ferment and cultural
creativity.
 Censorship laws after the end of military rule
1901 provided and outlet for their protest.
 The Spanish Comision permanente de censura
simply banned all Filipino creativity, American
press control were much more flexible.
 Spanish censorhip simply banned any non-religious
Filipino publication and made it impossible to even
consider opening a newspaper in late 19thcentury
manila
 Manilas first Spanish daily newspaper began
publishing in 1846.
 The Filipino gained their earliest editorial experience
as propagandist in Madrid or a newspaper publisher
for the revolution in 1898-99.
 The first Filipino daily newspaper, La Independencia,
appeared. Published clandestinely in Manila, the
paper was directed by Antonio Luna.
 The transition from the Spanish Colonial
Period to the American Occupation Period
demonstrated different strands of changes
and shifts in culture, society, and politics.
 During the American Period, Filipinos were
introduced to different manifestations of
modernity like healthcare, modern
transportation, and media. This ushered in a
more open and freer press.
 The upper principalia class experienced
economic prosperity with the opening up of
the Philippine economy to the United States
but the majority of the poor Filipino remained
poor, desperate, and victims of state
repression.
 In the arena of politics, for example, we see
the price that Filipinos paid for the
democracy modeled after the Americans.
 Patronage also became influential and
powerful, not only between clients and
patrons but also between the newly formed
political parties composed of the elite and the
United States.
 Thus, the essence of competing political
parties to enforce choices among the voters
was cancelled out.
 The transition from a catholic-centered,
Spanish-Filipino society to an Imperial
American-assimilated one, and its
complication, were also depicted in the
cartoons.
 The rules governing the issuance of drivers’
license was loose and traffic police could not
be bothered by rampant violations of traffic
rules.
 Young people, as early as that period,
disturbed the conservative Filipino mindset
by engaging in daring sexual activities in
public spaces.
 The other cartoons depicts how Americans
controlled Filipinos through seemingly
harmless American objects.
 Lastly, the cartoons also illustrated the
conditions of poor Filipinos in the Philippines
now governed by the United States.
 Bariso, Kent Vincent M.
 Cahulugan, Jasper T.
 Conanan, Joan C.