Hazard

and
Disaster
• Enumerate natural events that may
turn to hazard.
• Distinguish a hazard from a natural
phenomenon.
• Explain how a hazard causes a
disaster.
 When Does A Natural Event Become a
Hazard?

When Does A Hazard Become a Disaster?

 HAZARD DISASTER
Hazard is a situation Disaster completely
causing threat to life, disrupts the normal way of
health, environment or life.
property.
 HAZARD DISASTER
Hazard occurs in places Disaster is incidents
where population is less. occurring in places that are
thickly populated.
 HAZARD DISASTER
Hazard is an incident that Disaster can’t be tolerated
can be controller with and it requires lot more
lesser effort. effort to restore from
disaster.
 HAZARD DISASTER
Hazard is caused by Disaster is a result of
negligence. differential behavior or
nature due to many
conditions.
 Similarities

• Both disturb a normal living conditions.

• Both can be caused by man as well as nature

Exposure
-refers to people and property

Vulnerability -refers to factors, such as physical, social,

economic, and environmental, that increase
the susceptibility to the impact of a hazard.
• A community having a large portion of its population unable to
evacuate on time from lahar and other fast-moving volcanic hazards.
-very vulnerable
• Coastal city dwellers with low storm surge awareness level will not
likely respond very well to storm surge warnings.
-Vulnerability can be reduced by?

Through an aggressive information and education campaign on

storm surge hazard.
No Disaster…..

Event/
natural Vulnerable
Phenomeno population
n
A disaster happens…..

Vulnerable
Hazard population
 Activity:
1. A super typhoon with storm surge affecting Leyte
2. A typhoon passing over a remote and unpopulated
area
3. A flood in a rural area which floods the roads but
does not affected any houses
4. A volcano erupting in isolation in the middle of the
Pacific Ocean
5. An avalanche in a ski resort
 Elements of Disaster risk
Earthquakes, storms and torrential rains, are natural phenomena we refer to as
“hazards” and are not considered to be disasters in and of themselves

"Vulnerability" is defined as a condition resulting from physical, social, economic,

and environmental factors or processes, which increases the susceptibility of a
community to the impact of a hazard.

“Exposure” is another component of disaster risk, and refers to that which is

affected by natural disasters, such as people and property.

In general, “risk” is defined as the expectation value of losses (deaths, injuries,

property, etc.) that would be caused by a hazard. Disaster risk can be seen as a
function of the hazard, exposure and vulnerability as follows;

Disaster Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

 Characteristics of Disasters

• Knows no political boundary.

• Requires restructured and new responding organizations.
• Creates new tasks and requires more people as disaster responders.
• Renders inutile routine emergency response equipment and facilities.
• Worsens confusion in understanding roles of peoples and
organizations.
• Exposes lack of disaster planning, response and coordination.
Inexperienced disaster organizations often fail to see what their
proper roles are.
 Impacts Of Disaster

Medical Effects
- includes traumatic injuries, emotional stress, epidemic
diseases, and indigenous diseases.
 Impacts Of Disaster

Damage to critical facilities

- communication installations, electrical generating and
transmission facilities, hospitals, water facilities(storage, purification,
and pumping), and other public and private buildings.
 Impacts Of Disaster

Disruption of transportation
- broken bridges and road and streets that are rendered
impassable by landslides or floods.
 Impacts Of Disaster

Economic Impact
- disaster disrupts economies as normal business operations and
other economic activities are curtailed.
-People must also leave their jobs and devote their time to disaster-
related activities, such as search and rescue, or to caring for survivors.
 Impacts Of Disaster

Global environment change

-The changes could result in a wide range of more hazards such
as wildfires and mudslides, reduced productivity in the oceans, and
weakened immune systems of people and animals.
 Impacts Of Disaster

Social and political impact

-Social and political inequities are usually exposed, which may
lead to major political and social changes
Ex: The formation of the state of the Bangladesh from Pakistan.
The breakaway was triggered by a disaster from a tropical
cyclone and storm surge which exposed inequities in the treatment of
East Pakistan by more affluent West Pakistan.