Human Computer Interaction

THE HUMAN
Overview

 Human Memory
 Types of memory
 Thinking: Reasoning and problem
Solving
Human Memory

Three types of Memories

- Sensory memory
- Short Term memory
- Long Term memory
Human Memory

Sensory memory
Iconic, Echoic, Haptic
- Act as buffer for stimuli
- Iconic memory - Visual Stimulus
- Echoic memory- Audio stimulus
- Haptic memory- Touch
Human Memory

Sensory memory (0.5) Seconds.

- Iconic memory: Move a finger in front of
your eyes. Can you see it at more than
one place???
- Echoic memory- Can you repeat your
question?
- Haptic memory- We confirm by
retouching the iron / pot that it is hot or
not?
Human Memory

Short Term memory: Act as scratch pad

- Information is passed from the sensory
memory to the Short term memory by
attention.
- Attention is the concentration of the
mind on some specific stimulus.
- Arousal: level of interest or need
Human Memory

Short Term memory:

- Short term memory has a limitation
- 7 plus minus 2 (digit span): An average
person can remember 7 plus minus 2
digits.
- 7 plus minus 2 (Chunks):
092-51-9019519
Read: Design Focus: “Cashing In” p-30
and “7 plus minus 2 Revisited” p-32.
Human Memory

Long Term memory:

- Main resource
- contains every thing that we know
factual information, experiential
knowledge, procedural rules of behavior
etc.
- Can Store Huge Amount
- Relatively Slow Access (1/10 of second)
- Slow and little Decay
Read “Memorable or Secure” p-37
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving

Reasoning:
- Process by which we draw conclusion or
infer something through our knowledge.
- Different Types of Reasoning
- Deductive
- Inductive
- Abductive
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Reasoning:
- Deductive Reasoning:
We have some knowledge or law and we
deduce on the basis of that knowledge
Example 1:
On Friday, shops are closed.
Today is Friday.
So Shops will be closed today.
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Reasoning:
- Deductive Reasoning:
Example 2:
All Elephants have trunk
If we find an elephant.
It should have a trunk.
Example 3:
Intelligent Students are naughty.
He/She is an intelligent Student.
He/She would be Naughty.
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Reasoning:
- Inductive Reasoning:
On the basis of observation / evidences we
conclude/ infer something
Example 1:
- On “every” Friday the shops are closed.
- It means Shops are closed on Fridays.
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Reasoning:
- Inductive Reasoning:
Example 2:
So far all elephants seen, have trunks.
So all the elephants have trunk.
Example 3:
All intelligent students were found naughty.
So the intelligent Students are naughty.
Thinking: Reasoning and Problem
Solving
Reasoning:
- Abductive Reasoning:
When we get the evidences we use our
creativity / knowledge to conclude.
Example:
- On “every” Friday the shops are closed.
- It means Shops are closed on Fridays.
- Or when there is a strike (our knowledge)