Chemistry

The Central Science

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 Inorganic Chemistry
-

by:
•Nada Merzoug
•Selma Benrazek
•Mouna Nahali
 plan Definiton

Difference between inorganic and organic

chemistry

Types of Inorganic Chemical Reactions

Inorganic nomenclature

Phrasal Verbs
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 Chemistry, a branch of physical science, is the study of
the compositions, properties and behaviors of matter.
As it is a fundamental component of matter, the atom is
the basic unit of chemistry.

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Different fields of Chemistry

biochemistry
 Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with
inorganic compounds.

An inorganic compound is any compound that is not an organic

compound.

In other words, inorganic compounds are all the compounds other

than organic compounds.

Therefore, there are no essential carbon atoms or C-H bonds in these

compounds.
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 Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the
scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of
organic compounds and organic materials matter in its various
forms that contain carbon atoms.

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 Types of Inorganic Chemical Reactions

Elements and compounds react with each other

in various ways. Memorizing every type of
reaction would be challenging and also
unnecessary since nearly every inorganic chemical
reaction falls into one or more of four broad
categories.

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 TYPES

Combination Single Displacement

Reactions Reactions

Decomposition
Reactions

Double Displacement
Reactions

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 Two or more reactants form one product in a
1. Combination combination reaction. An example of a combination
Reactions reaction is the formation of sulfur dioxide when sulfur is
burned in air:
S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)

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 In a decomposition reaction, a compound
breaks down into two or more substances.
Decomposition usually results from
electrolysis or heating. An example of a
decomposition reaction is the breakdown of
mercury (II) oxide into its component
elements.
2. Decomposition •2HgO (s) + heat → 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)
Reactions

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 A single-replacement reaction, also known
as single-displacement or substitution
reaction, is a reaction in which one element
replaces a similar element in a compound.
An example of a single displacement
reaction is the displacement of copper ions
in a copper sulfate solution by zinc metal,
forming zinc sulfate:
3. Single •Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq)
replacement
reaction

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 A double-replacement reaction, also known as
double-displacement, is a reaction in which the
positive and negative ions of two ionic
compounds exchange places to form two new
compounds. An example of a double
displacement reaction occurs when solutions of
calcium chloride and silver nitrate are reacted to
4. Double
form insoluble silver chloride in a solution of
Displacement
Reactions
calcium nitrate.

CaCl2 (aq) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2 AgCl (s)

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 A neutralization reaction is a specific type of
double displacement reaction that occurs when
an acid reacts with a base, producing a solution
• neutralization of salt and water.
reaction An example of a neutralization reaction is the
reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water:
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

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 A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a
• Combustion substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing
Reactions energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion
reactions must involve O2 as one reactant. The
combustion of hydrogen gas produces water
vapor.
2H2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(g)

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 The precipitation reaction is the double
displacement reactions involving the production
of a solid form residue called the precipitate.
The reaction also occurs when two or more
solutions with different salts are combined,
resulting in the formation of insoluble salts that
precipitates out of the solution.
When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide
• The precipitation and lead (II) nitrate are mixed, the following
reaction reaction occurs.
2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)→2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s)

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 What is the difference between single
and double displacement reaction?

A single replacement reaction involves an element replacing another

element from its compound forming a new compound and a new element.
Example: A + BC --> AC + B
A double replacement reaction usually involves mixing of solutions of two
ionic compounds. When all the ions are mixed, usually positive ions from the
first compound are very attracted to the negative ions from the second
compound and form a solid that precipitates leaving the other positive and
negative ions still in solution.
Example: AB + CD --> AD + CB
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 What is the difference between a chemical
reaction and the chemical equation?

A chemical reaction is a process that occurs when one or more

substances are changed into one or more new substances. For example:
Hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to produce water.
Sodium chloride (table salt) dissociates in water to form sodium and
chlorine ions.
Methane combusts in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, heat, and water.

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A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.
Atomic symbols are used to represent the elements that take part in a
reaction. Numbers are used to represent the ratios of reactants and
products to produce the reaction and arrows point the direction a
reaction occurs where the arrow points from reactants to products. For
example, using for the above chemical reactions:
2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(ℓ)
This chemical equation reads: Two hydrogen gas molecules and
one oxygen gas molecule produce two molecules of water.

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 State Symbols in Chemical Equations

(s) (aq)

« Solid »
aquatic

(l) (g)
« liquid » « gase »
 Inorganic Nomenclature

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 SLOVAK
nomenclature

inorganic compounds In Slovak

sulfur dioxide sulfur dioksida
mercury (II) oxide merkuri (II) oksida •we call fluorides,
chlorides,
zinc sulfate Seng Sulfat
bromides and
calcium chloride Kalsium klorida iodides:
silver nitrate perak nitrat -Fluorida, klorida,
bromide dan
hydrochloric acid asam klorida iodida
sodium hydroxide natrium hidroksida

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INORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
•Inorganic compounds are compounds which do not Binary
contain carbon and are not derived from living compounds
matter.
•Inorganic compounds can be molecular or ionic
based on the type of bonds that hold the components Acids
(elements) together.
•Inorganic ionic compounds Acids
can be classified as acids, Ternary
bases, or salts depending compounds
on their properties.
 BINARY COMPOUNDS
A metal of fixed charge and a nonmetal
Compound Name
A binary compound is one made of two different
elements. There can be one of each element such
potassium chloride
as in NaCl or KF. KCl
all elements involved in this type have ONLY ONE charge.
That includes BOTH the cation AND the anion involved in K2O potassium oxide
the formula.
1. The order for names in a binary compound is first the ZnCl2 Zinc chloride
cation (metal), then the anion (nonmetal).
2. Use the name of cation with a fixed oxidation state Zinc Oxide
directly from the periodic table. ZnO
3. The name of the anion will be made from the root of
the element's name plus the suffix "-ide.“ Na2S sodium sulfide
• Example :NaCl
This compound is named:sodium chloride MgBr2 Magnesium bromide

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 BINARY COMPOUNDS
A metal of variable charge and a nonmetal
The Stock System Compound Name

The cations involved in this type have AT LEAST HgO Mercury(II) oxide
TWO charges like : Fe,Cu and Hg .
The anions involved have only one charge.
Hg2O mercury (I) oxide
1. the first part of the name is the unchanged
name of the first element in the formula.
2. the result from step one WILL be followed by a Fe2O3 Iron (III) Oxide
Roman numeral ( the charge of metal ).
3. the anion is named in the usual manner of FeO Iron (II) Oxide
stem plus "ide.“
• Example:FeCl2 Cu2S Copper(I) sulfide
The correct name of the example is:
iron(II) chloride Cu S Copper sulfide

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 BINARY COMPOUNDS
A metal of variable charge and a nonmetal
The trivial Name Compound Name

1. the first part of the name is the root of the first Fe2O3 ferric oxide
element in the formula plus a suffix.
• The suffix will be either "-ous" or "-ic.“
FeO ferrous oxide
• - “ous” - is used to indicate the lower valence.
• - “ ic “ - is used to name the compound in which
the metal has the higher valence. CuS Cupric sulfide
2. the anion is named in the usual manner of stem
plus "ide.“ Cu2S Cuprous sulfide
• Example:FeO
The correct name of the example is CuCl2 cupric chloride
ferrous oxide
SnO stannous oxide

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 BINARY COMPOUNDS
Two nonmetals
Compound Name

1. part of the first name is the unchanged name CO carbon monoxide

of the first element in the formula.
2. the anion is named in the usual manner of CO2 carbon dioxide
stem plus "ide." In addition, a prefix is
added(to indicate the number of atoms OsO4 Osmium tetroxide
present).
• Example: NO2
N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
The correct name of the example is
nitrogen dioxide
N2O5 dinitrogen Pentoxide

IF7 iodine heptafluoride

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TERNARY COMPOUNDS
Compound Name
•They contain three or more elements, as opposed
to only two in a binary compound. Na2CO3 sodium carbonate
• The cations used will be a mix of fixed charges
and variable charges. NaNO2 sodium nitrite
1. decide if the cation is one showing variable
charge. If so, a Roman numeral will be needed.
Na2SO3 Sodium Sulfite
2. determine the name of the polyatomic ion.
• Example:Fe(NO3)2
• The correct name is iron(II) nitrate. NaNO3 sodium nitrate
• The common name would be ferrous nitrate
• “ite “- lower oxidation number Na2SO4 Sodium Sulfate
• “ate” - higher oxidation number
KMnO4 potassium
permanganate
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 ACIDS
Oxoacids/Oxyacids and Hydrogen acids
• you will recognize an acid by the fact that its formula Compound Name
starts with H, as in these examples:
• HCl ,HNO3 and H2SO4 . HF Hydrofluoric acid
• In order to explain acid naming will be discussed in
order.
• Example: H2SO4 sulfuric acid
• HCl is a binary acid. All binary acids are named the same
way: HNO3 Nitric Acid
1. the prefix "hydro" is used.
2. the root of the anion is used. H2SO3 sulfurous acid
3. the suffix "ic" is used.
4. the word "acid" is used as the second word in the HNO2 Nitrous Acid
name.
• The name for HCl is hydrochloric acid HClO4 perchloric acid
• The suffix « ite »in the polyatomic ion change to« ous »,
since the "ate" suffix is used, it gets changed to "ic."
 PHRASAL VERBS

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 PHRASAL VERBS

•phrasal verb is commonly applied to two or three distinct but

related constructions in English.
•They are common in everyday spoken English. For example, words
like “stand up,” “sit down,” and “get up.”
•a verb and aparticle and/or a preposition co-occur forming a single
semantic unit.

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 EXERCISES:
Exercice 1:Match the following phrasal verbs with suitable expressions:
bring up look out look forward to take after
break down show up take place turn off
get rid of take part in turn on make up

Take after Bring up

_______________ you father ____________ children
_______________
Take part in a competition ____________
Show up in Košice next week
_______________
Turn on
the light ____________
Turn off the computer
_______________ a story ____________
Look forward to the end of the semester
_______________ the rubbish ____________
Make up your mind
Get rid of

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 EXERCISES:
Exercice 2 :Give the names of the following compounds:

PI3 __________________________
Phosphorus Triiodide
P2O5__________________________
Phosphorus pentoxide
SO3 __________________________
Sulfur Trioxide
Ca(NO3)2 __________________________
Calcium Nitrate
Ca(NO2)2 __________________________
NaOH Calcium Nitrite
__________________________
Sodium Hidroxyde
Ca(OH)2 __________________________
Calcium Hidroxyde
 EXERCISES:
Exercice 2 : Write the formulas for the following compounds:

Nitrogen monoxide
__________________________
NO
Dinitrogen monoxide
__________________________
N2O
Iron (II) suplhide
__________________________
FeS
Iron (III) sulphide
__________________________
Fe S
2 3

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 Thank you for your attention!
I hope you enjoyed the presentation!

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