Nucleus Parts of the Cell Summary Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
▪ Smooth ER, is an organelle found in both
animal cells and plant cells. ▪ The main function of the smooth ER is to make cellular products like hormones and lipids. ▪ It also distributes those products throughout the cell and to places in the organism. Mitochondrion
▪ Rod-shaped organelles that can be considered
the power generators of the cell ▪ Converts oxygen and nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ▪ ATP is the chemical energy "currency" of the cell that powers the cell's metabolic activities Cytosol
▪ Part of the cytoplasm
▪ Contains mainly dissolved proteins, electrolytes and glucose. Lysosome
▪ Spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic
enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. ▪ Also act as the waste disposal system of the cell by digesting unwanted materials in the cytoplasm Centrioles
▪ Cylindrical cellular organelle composed
mainly of a protein called tubulin ▪ Main function of centrioles is to produce cilia during interphase and the aster and the spindle during cell division. Centrosome Matrix
▪ A network of small fibers that surrounds the
centrioles in cells ▪ Contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome Cytoskeletal elements
▪ A complex network of interlinking
filaments and tubules that extend throughout the cytoplasm ▪ Its primary function would be to give the cell its shape and mechanical resistance to deformation Chromatin
▪ A mass of genetic material composed of
DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. ▪ The primary function of chromatin is to compress the DNA into a compact unit that will be less voluminous and can fit within the nucleus Nucleolus
▪ Known as the site of ribosome
biogenesis ▪ Nucleoli also participate in the formation of signal recognition particles and play a role in the cell's response to stress. Nuclear envelope
▪ Consists of two lipid bilayer
membranes, an inner nuclear membrane, and an outer nuclear membrane. ▪ Has many nuclear pores that allow materials to move between the cytosol and the nucleus. Nucleus
▪ Contain most of the cell's genetic
material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in a complex with a large variety of proteins ▪ control center of the cell. Plasma membrane
▪ Protects the cell from its
environment ▪ Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
▪ The face of the rough endoplasmic
reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis ▪ Forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae. Ribosomes
▪ Serves as the site of biological
protein synthesis. ▪ The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus. Golgi apparatus
▪ Packages proteins into membrane-
bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination Peroxisome
▪ Peroxisomes absorb nutrients that
the cell has acquired. They are very well known for digesting fatty acids. ▪ They also play a part in the way organisms digest alcohol (ethanol). Summary Assignment