0 evaluări0% au considerat acest document util (0 voturi)
467 vizualizări21 pagini
Hermaphrodites are people born with both male and female sexual organs. Historically, the term hermaphrodite was used to describe people with ambiguous genitalia, but the term intersex is now preferred. In the late 19th century, medicine sought to clearly define sex and assign unambiguous sex labels to intersex people, often through surgery. This led to trauma for many intersex people and discouraged open discussion of intersex conditions.
Hermaphrodites are people born with both male and female sexual organs. Historically, the term hermaphrodite was used to describe people with ambiguous genitalia, but the term intersex is now preferred. In the late 19th century, medicine sought to clearly define sex and assign unambiguous sex labels to intersex people, often through surgery. This led to trauma for many intersex people and discouraged open discussion of intersex conditions.
Drepturi de autor:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formate disponibile
Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
Hermaphrodites are people born with both male and female sexual organs. Historically, the term hermaphrodite was used to describe people with ambiguous genitalia, but the term intersex is now preferred. In the late 19th century, medicine sought to clearly define sex and assign unambiguous sex labels to intersex people, often through surgery. This led to trauma for many intersex people and discouraged open discussion of intersex conditions.
Drepturi de autor:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formate disponibile
Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
and PH. D. Knight 2004). It aims to explain the presence of both male and female gonads within the same individual (Herbst 1992). In addition, it also means that true hermaphrodite have the same testicular and ovarian tissue that is well developed and non digenetic (Wallach 1995). V Historically, the term Õ Õ has also been used to describe ambiguous genitalia and gonadal mosaicism in individuals of gonochoristic species, especially human beings. The word hermaphrodite entered the English lexicon in the 15th century, derived from the Greek Õ . Recently, the word "intersex" has come into preferred usage for humans, since the word "hermaphrodite" is considered to be misleading and stigmatizing. eginning in the late nineteenth century, medicine became the primary means for dealing with intersex. efore then, the vast majority of people with intersex conditions went unnoticed by legal, religious, or medical establishments and only a few cases per year came to the attention of authorities. Presumably other people with so-called ´abnormalµ sex anatomies lived average lives, either because their anatomical variance was undetectable or was not considered especially important. When a newborn had a high degree of genital ambiguity, midwives, grandmothers, and other local elders appear to have assigned the sex. (In terms of sexual orientation, all people were expected to then have sexual relations solely with those who had been identified as the ´oppositeµ sex; in many places, violation of this rule was punishable by violent, sometimes fatal means). However, by the late 1800s, through gynecological sciences and numerous wartime military medical examinations, doctors gained a much better sense that ´abnormalµ sex anatomies were actually quite common. Indeed, late- nineteenth century medical men began reporting dozens of cases a year of ´hermaphroditismµ and ´pseudo-hermaphroditism.µ ecause most medical experts were politically conservative and wanted to keep sex borders clearly defined to combat open homosexuality and the rise of feminism, intersex caused them notable stress. (The conflation of sex, sexual orientation, and gender expression becomes clear in the 1890s use of the term ´psychic hermaphroditismµ to refer to gay men, and in the common ´scientificµ claim that university education physically ´masculinizedµ women.) Therefore, biomedical specialists devised a system that would label everyone ´truly maleµ or ´truly female,µ regardless of the extent and natural reality of sexual blending. Gedical doctors created an arbitrary standard based on gonadal tissue, which persists in most medical texts today. A person with non-standard sex anatomy and ovaries is seen as a ´female pseudo-hermaphroditeµ; a person with non-standard sex anatomy and testes, is seen as a ´male pseudo- hermaphroditeµ; and if a person has ovarian and testicular tissue, they are seen as a ´true hermaphrodite.µ Given the technological limitations of the time, Victorian doctors liked this system because they couldn·t easily diagnose ´true hermaphroditismµ in living people; as a consequence, for the most part the only ´true hermaphroditesµ were dead and dissected people and the only medical information about intersex came from posthumous examinations. All other people thought to be intersex, including pseudo-hermaphroditic, were labeled ´truly maleµ or ´truly femaleµ and told to act socially and sexually normative in their assigned gender. However, with improved medical techniques and increased access to healthcare, many more people were being diagnosed with a biological ´true sexµ that made no sense socially. (In the 1910s as today, women with androgen insensitivity couldn·t practically be labeled men just because they had testes.) And, in a bi-polar gender paradigm, there was no simple social category for those diagnosed with ´true hermaphroditism.µ So, by the 1920s, experts treating intersex developed a notion of gender (social role) separated from biological sex (Youg 1937). V The main advantage of hermaphroditism is the assurance of a reproductive partner. And you don·t need to rely on others to keep reproducing. Gany studies have shown that under certain conditions, hermaphrodites have more offspring than individuals that functions more (Cha-Cha.com). V A disadvantage would be that there is less genetic diversity. It eliminates completion for a male, allowing defected and less suitable organisms to pass on their genes and it has the potential for interference between male and female floral function (Cha- Cha.com). V The main problems of persons with hermaphrodite when it comes to psychological aspects are gender identity disorder, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, male pseudo hermaphroditism and physical intersex condition. Treatment of psychological problems of 59 children with a physical intersex condition is described. The group consisted of 18 female pseudo hermaphrodites with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 20 male pseudo hermaphrodites and 2 true hermaphrodites born with ambiguous external genitalia assigned the female sex (ambiguous girls), 14 male pseudo hermaphrodites born with completely female external genitalia and assigned the female sex (completely female group), and 5 male pseudo hermaphrodites born with ambiguous external genitalia and assigned the male sex. Despite the sex assignment, genital organ correction soon after birth, psychological counseling of parents and intensive psychotherapy of the children, general psychopathology developed equally in all 4 groups (39% of total group). Although 87% of the girls with a physical intersex condition developed in line with the assigned sex, 13% developed a gender identity disorder though only 1 girl (2%) failed to accept the assigned sex. Gender identity disorder and deviant gender role were in evidence only in girls with CAH and girls of the ambiguous group. iological and social factors seem responsible with the development of gender identity disorder, such as pre-postnatal hormonal influences on the brain enabling deviant gender role behavior to develop, and an inability on the part of parents to accept the sex assignment. A reconsideration of the sex assignment in male pseudo hermaphrodites and true hermaphrodites born with ambiguous external genitalia is discussed (Wikipedia.com). V During his puberty, a boy goes through five stages of sexual development. oys normally start to show the physical changes of puberty between ages of 11 and 14, which is slightly older than the girls start puberty. The male sex hormone called testosterone and other hormones cause the physical changes. y age 18 growth of facial hair begins. Adult height is reached. Penis and testicles have reached full adult size. Pubic, underarm and leg hair are adult color, texture and distribution. Overall look is that of a young adult man. Gany girls are fully developed by the age of 16, but others will continue to develop through age 18. Adult height is most likely reached. reast development is complete. Pubic hair forms a thick, curly, triangular patch. Ovulation and menstruation normally occurs regularly. y and the large the look is that of a young adult woman (Answer.com). Those who realize that intersexed people really do exist may wonder, ´If there may be as many as one out of two thousand people affected by some form of intersex condition, then where they are? Why don·t we hear more about them or have more information about their lives?
The answer is that most intersexed people have a
very, difficult time with the personal issues which surround them. There is a relatively small group of out- the-closet intersexuals in the world. This number is steadily growing but the cast majority of them live with the silence, made great strides in being recognized and accepted. There are thousands of books written by gay men and women and even dozens on the subject of transsexuality. The reason may be that most intersexed people have been subjected to very powerful family, medical and societal proscriptions about their bodies or medical status. His begins from the very moment of birth for most of them because that is usually when the question is first asked ´Is it a boy or a girl?µ
Intersexuals who are subjected to neonatal surgery
undergo an early physical trauma resulting in a lifelong trauma on many levels. Intersexuals who miss early surgery often grow up alone and confused. They are also often abused because of their ´in betweenµ status. Surgery as young teens and adults to ´correctµ their bodies is also traumatic and may not have a satisfactory outcome. It all adds up to one thing: a very strong desire to keep quiet and not tell anyone about their being intersexed.
Another factor may be abuse. Some intersexed children
are abused by peers and family due to their intersexuality. ut there is also a sort if institutionalized abuse which takes its toll as well. The constant dehumanizing exams and case studies are painful, humiliating and upsetting for a child or young teenager. The result is a desire to never have to talk or deal with the subject ever again (Google.com). V nlike other communities outside the realm of heterosexual thinking, intersexed people are not thought of in sexual terms as much as in medical terms. Society has forced them to remain in the closet. They have been left alone to deal with their ongoing battle to stop the travesty of early childhood gender assignment mutilation.
However, becoming aware that their numbers
constitute a sizeable population should be enough to seriously get our attention. They are human beings who love and have the same need as all of us to be loved in return. As in the heterosexual community, some have little or no desire for primary relationships or physical intimacy, where as, others enjoy the same with committed mates and are living happy, productive, and fulfilling lives. The lesson here is that we need to stop viewing intersexual people as some kind of biological mistake or oddity. They are indeed a natural manifestation of God·s design and fully invested citizens of the human race. In fact, their very existence forces the most conservative religious people to reconsider their own attitudes toward those who do not fit what has been considered as the traditional understanding of a two sex only society.
There are many of them who enjoy wonderful
relationships with those who not only accept them but love them in the deeply. To think that a dual gendered individual could not enjoy such things as a result of some king ´birth defectµ is false thinking to say the least. There are more things in this world than most of us have ever imagined or could even begin to dream about. The very fact that intersexed people walk among us, live real lives, and have probably crossed most of our paths at one time or another should motivate us to revisit the narrow confines of our own thinking. They remind us that the world is a place of wonder and filled with people whose experiences is not limited to the norms of any given culture, age, or society. They are not asking for tolerance. What they deserve as human belongs is full acceptance and love. That·s the right of any human being regardless of their sexual orientation. Otherwise, God would not have allowed them to exist among us. V Harry was born hermaphrodite (Intersex). For many years, the truth of this was hidden and kept secret. Doctors lied by omission. When Harry started having bleeding once a month after reaching puberty, Doctors would not tell him what was causing it, they only said that it was nothing to worry about and that it would eventually stop. As a child, Harry did not feel like he was like other boys. And Harry did not feel like he was like other girls either. It felt like he was an alien. When he first discovered the word androgyny, he finally realized what he was. When a baby is first born, the first question usually asked is: "Is it a boy or a girl?" Gender is an integral part of our core identity. Even language reflects this: we are an "it" until we are assigned a gender. Once a gender is assigned, it influences powerful social forces upon us.
We live in a gender binary society. His true gender has
been eradicated from existence at a legal level, a psychological level, and a physical (medical) level. In our society, there are only two genders that are allowed to exist, female and male.The sexual reassignment surgery that doctors performed when he was an infant was a disservice. Gender is much more complex than just body parts. A few cosmetic surgeries cannot change one's true gender. Gender is much more complex, involving bone structure, brain chemistry, neurological wiring, hormones, and much more. Yet doctors did surgery and sent him into the world as a male. The problem is that he was not born male and he does not have all the necessary ingredients to be a male. He could go into a lot of technical details about biological gender building blocks, but that is not his purpose here A few cosmetic surgeries cannot change our true gender. Harry is not a male and not yet a female. It called it a hermaphrodite, a blending of some female components and some male components. All the Psychological and Neurological testing confirm this. That neurologically wired differently from females and males. He had twice the normal wiring between the hemispheres of his brain. He had EEG brainwave patterns that are unique. So even at the level of the brain, his brain does not have the normal sex characteristics that males and females have. On the emotional level, he does not conform to gender stereotypes. He is highly sensitive. That had a high degree of empathy and intuition. He is aggressive and strong on an emotional level. On a mental level, He had highly skilled advanced spatial reasoning capabilities and able to perform well with multi-dimensional reasoning. Yet, he is deficient when it comes to two-dimensional reasoning. He can perform differential equations in calculus, but he unable to do basic arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. At a neurological level, he is a hermaphrodite. Surgery cannot change this. On a hormonal level, this possibly could be altered using hormone therapy, but he is happy with his hermaphrodite mixture of female and male hormones. In many ways, he is also a paradox. He walked in the shadows of our modern culture. He seen and yet not seen. When people truly notice like Harry conditions, they often do a double take. Is harry a boy or a girl? Harry shared this because he wants to break the illusion that doctors created by making her appear male physically. Long ago he did try to fit in as a male, but since he was not born male, it was a dismal failure. Now Harry is happy identifying as a hermaphrodite. It is the truth and he will not be eradicated. In many ways, Harry is a boy with a clit. His body produces mixed pheromones and a mixture of sex fluids, creating an elixir of vaginal fluid and pre-cum drips, mixed hormones of his body bring union of desires. They were acknowledged and seen as having gifts when it comes to spiritual matters. It prepares them to walk the path of both the material world and the realm of the spirit. From living in a sex-negative society, we all need nurturing, healing, and a safe space to express our sexual nature.